Baptism

What is Baptism?

  1. an act of obedience for remission of sins (Acts 2:38)
  2. complete immersion in water (Acts 8:36-38; John 3:23)
  3. an act essential for salvation (Mark 16:16; John 3:3-5)

The Word ‘Baptise’

  1. The Greek word ‘BAPTO’ means “to dip or plunge”. It never means to sprinkle or to pour. The Greek word signifies not just immersion, but also a dyeing – the changing of the colour of a garment.
  2. The first essential to a true baptism is an acceptance of the first principles of God’s revelation. (cp. Acts 8:36-37; John 3:16; 11:25; 17:3)

Baptism – A Symbol of Sacrifice

  • Baptism is a symbol of sacrifice. As Jesus gave up his life upon the cross, the true believer, by submitting to baptism, publicly declares that he will figuratively “crucify the flesh, with the affections and lusts.” (Galatians 5:24)


The Lord Jesus Christ was himself baptised. (Matthew 3:13-15) His baptism prefigured His coming sacrifice on the cross, which he described as ‘a baptism’ (Luke 12:50)

  • Baptism a symbol of death, burial and resurrection.


ROMANS 6

6:3 Baptised into Jesus Christ
6:3 Baptised into his death
6:6 Crucified with Him
6:6 Body of sin destroyed
6:4 Christ raised from dead
6:4 Walk in newness of life
6:5 In the likeness of His death
6:5 In the likeness of his resurrection
6:11 Dead unto sin
6:11 Alive unto God

COLOSSIANS 2

2:12 Buried with him in baptism
2:12 Risen with him

Baptism – an Outward Symbol of Inward Washing

Ephesians 5:26


Baptism

  1. Constitutes us as being ‘in Christ’ (Galatians 3:26-27)
  2. Provides for the covering of our sins in Christ (Galatians 3:27)
  3. Constitutes us as “Abraham’s seed and heirs according to the promise” (Galatians 3:29)
  4. Is a symbolic sacrificial death (Romans 6:6)

An Unbaptised Person

Is not in Christ (Ephesians 2:12-13; John 3:3-5)


Steps to Salvation

The commission of Christ to his disciples in Matthew 28:19-20 was

  1. Teach the people
  2. Baptise them
  3. Ensure obedience to the commandments

The Christadelphian and the State

“Christianity was in its earliest days entirely unpolitical. The best representatives of the primitive tradition in our times are the Christadelphians, who believe the end of the world to be imminent and refuse to have any part or lot in secular affairs.”

(Bertrand Russell: ‘POWER, a New Social Analysis’ 1938)

Christadelpians are Pilgrims here – Hebrews 11:13

  • Citizens of God’s Kingdom to come – John 18:36
  • Obeying God rather than man where there is a conflict of laws – Acts 5:29; 4:19
  • Serving God not mammon – Luke 16:13
  • Realising Christ will abrogate all human government – Daniel 2:44

Disciples of Christ are Harmless as Doves – Matthew 10:16

  • Resist not evil – Matthew 5:39; 1 Thessalonians 5:15
  • Love your enemies – Matthew 5:43-45; James 2:8
  • Avenge not yourselves – Romans 12:19
  • He who takes “the sword will perish by it” – Matthew 26:52
  • Servants of Christ may not now war – John 18:36
  • Judge not that ye be not judged – Matthew 7:1-5; 1 Corinthians 5:12
  • Recompense no man evil for evil – Romans 12:17
  • Do not go to law – 1 Corinthians 6:1-8
  • Do not take an oath – Matthew 5:33-37; James 5:12

Christ’s Example – 1 Peter 2:21-23

  • He came to save not to destroy lives – Luke 9:56
  • Did no violence – Isaiah 53:9
  • Holy, harmless, undefiled – Hebrews 7:26
  • Not a judge or divider in this age – Luke 12:13-14


Hence Christadelphians, because of conscience toward God, abstain from occupation as:

soldiers, non-combatant auxiliaries to military forces, civil defence, judges, magistrates, justices of the peace, jurors, prison warders, police, lawyers; and employment in munitions manufacture or military-related occupations.

Life in Christ

We exist for God’s pleasure – Revelation 4:11

Because God is love – 1 John 4:8

Reflecting God’s love commends us to God – 1 John 4:16

By Christ we receive authority to become sons of God – John 1:12-13

Born of incorruptible seed to reflect God’s virtues – 1 Peter 1:22 – 2:10

Remade in God’s moral image – Colossians 3:9-17

By dwelling on God’s virtues – Philippians 4:8-9

So we imitate God’s ways – Ephesians 5:1-16

God has given us the means to keep Him at the forefront of our minds

His Name of Purpose – Exodus 3:13-15

Our probation carried on amid trouble – Acts 14:22

To develop perseverance – Romans 5:3, and hope – Romans 8:16-25
God brings us close to Himself in prayer for encouragement – Hebrews 10:14-23

God Himself strengthens us to overcome sin – Ephesians 3:14-21
And to do His will and proclaim His Truth – Philippians 2:12-16
Being not forgetful hearers – James 1:22-25

Being constant preachers of the Word – 2 Timothy 4:1-5

And walking in the Truth till Christ comes – 3 John 1-4


A Summary

God’s Plan for Eternal Life

In these notes we will, in a brief way, come to grips with some of the vital teachings of the Bible. The notes have been designed only to provide you with an outline of some of the important aspects of these teachings and are in no way a comprehensive covering of all the Bible tells us of these.

We would ask you to read them carefully, to look up the scriptural quotations given and examine them for yourselves, like the Bereans did (Acts 17:11). Used in this way these notes will serve as a ‘key’ for your own efforts to understand God’s Word.


God’s Promise of Eternal Life

“For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten son that WHOSOEVER BELIEVETH IN HIM should not perish, but have everlasting life” (John 3:16)

“Search the Scriptures for in them ye think ye have eternal life and they are they which testify of me” (John 5:39)

  • God’s promise is to those who know and understand Him and His son:


THIS IS LIFE ETERNAL THAT THEY MIGHT KNOW THEE THE ONLY TRUE GOD AND JESUS CHRIST WHOM THOU HAST SENT” (John 17:3)


Only those who know God and Jesus can believe in them. It is by a searching of the Bible that one can know them and believe on them. Eternal life is the promise held out to WHOEVER will obey God’s Word.

“And being made perfect he (Jesus) became the author of eternal salvation unto all them THAT OBEY HIM” (Hebrews 5:9)


  • We must earnestly seek the promise God has made:


“To them who by patient continuance in well doing SEEK FOR glory honour and immortality, ETERNAL LIFE” will be given by God (Romans 2:7)


  • Eternal life is a hope (Titus 3:7). Peter speaks of “EXCEEDING GREAT AND PRECIOUS PROMISES” which to know offers one the hope of “being a partaker of the Divine nature.”


Having seen the importance of knowing these promises, let us turn to the Scriptures that we may also know the substance of the hope that it contains.


The Gospel of The Kingdom Preached by Christ and the Apostles


Luke 8:1
“preaching and showing the glad tidings of the Kingdom of God
Matthew 4:23
“preaching the gospel of the kingdom” (Same Greek word as Luke 8:1).
Genesis 13:14-17
A tract of land, Israel, promised to Abraham forever.
Romans 4:13
Indicates that in an extended form the promise will eventually embrace the earth, “heir of the world
Genesis 13:15
Abraham’s descendants (seed) to share the blessing, counted on the basis of faith.

God’s Promises to Abraham – Genesis 13:14-17

Third promise

And Yahweh said unto Abraham

  • Look from the place where thou art, NORTHWARD, SOUTHWARD, EASTWARD AND WESTWARD
  • All the land which thou seest TO THEE will I give it and TO THY SEED forever
  • I will make THY SEED as the dust of the earth, so that if a man can number the dust… then shall THY SEED also BE NUMBERED
  • Arise, walk through THE LAND in the length of it and in the breadth of it; for I will give IT unto thee.


What are the meanings and implications of a promise such as this of eternal possession of the hub of the globe by ABRAHAM AND AN INNUMBERABLE POSTERITY?

Interpretation

Look from the place where thou art northward
13:14
Walk through the land in the length… breadth
13:17
All the land which thou seest… I will give…
13:15


Hebrews 11:9
By faith he sojourned in the land of promise
Acts 7:4-5
This land wherein ye now dwell… He promised that He would give it to him.
Romans 4:13
The promise that he would be the heir of the world.
Proverbs 11:31
The righteous shall be recompensed in the earth
Matthew 5:5
Blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the earth.
Revelation 5:10
We shall reign on the earth
Psalm 37:22
Those blessed of him shall inherit the earth.
Psalm 37:29
…and dwell therein forever.


Excursion into the Future

Isaiah 11:1-5
The King equipped perfectly by God.
Isaiah 11:6-9
The conditions of the Kingdom
Isaiah 11:12-14
An eternal and beneficent Monarch (Psalm 72:1 – the King)
Psalm 72:15
The attitude of his subjects
Isaiah 2:2-4
Humanity’s direction in the future will be changed


God is offering us the Blessings of the Seed of Abraham

Galatians 3:6-9
Faith is the key to our association with the promises.
Galatians 3:16, 26-29
Association with Christ through faith and baptism into him establishes us as “seed” and therefore “heirs” of Abraham’s promise
Revelation 5:6-8
The saints portrayed
Revelation 5:9-10
Their song “kings and priests, we shall reign on the earth
Acts 3:19-21
“the times of refreshing… the restoration of all things which God has spoken throughprophets since the world began


REPENT = TURN AROUND AND CHANGE YOUR DIRECTION AND WAY OF LIFE

Christ will bring refreshing to those who have prepared for it.


Promises to David

About 1020 BC David came to the throne of Israel. David had a great desire to build a house of worship (or a temple) for God. God did not allow David to build this temple; this was left to Solomon, David’s son (2 Samuel 7:1-10)

Instead God sent the prophet Nathan to David telling him that God would build a house (household or family) for David. David was concerned with a physical dwelling in which God might be worshipped, but God was to do something far greater for David in establishing his family, and guaranteeing a king to rule over his house for ever (2 Samuel 7:11, 12-16)

The promise that God made to David is outlined in 2 Samuel 7:11-16.

Note the following points:

  1. God will make a household for David
  2. The terms of this promise are to apply after David is dead (when thy days be fulfilled) and buried (thou shalt sleep with thy fathers)
  3. David’s “seed”, i.e. a descendant, was spoken of
  4. This one would build a house (temple) for God’s name
  5. Because of this God would establish “the throne of his kingdom forever
  6. This one would be God’s son
  7. Most importantly, to David personally, he would see the fulfillment of these promises, which means he must he resurrected from the dead (see Acts 2:29-34).


David realised that a great deal of time was to elapse before this would be fulfilled (2 Samuel 7:19 – “thou hast spoken of thy servant’s house for a great while to come”)


Fulfilled in Christ

“The book of the generations of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham” so commences the New Testament (Matthew 1:1).


The New Testament closely relates the work of Jesus Christ to the promises God made to faithful Abraham and David:

“Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers” (Romans 15:8). See also Luke 1:68-76.


Peter addressed the Jews of his day with these words:

“Ye are the children of the prophets, and of the covenant which God made with our fathers, saying unto Abraham, And in thy seed shall all kindreds of the earth be blessed” (Acts 3:25)


He explains in v.26 that the “blessing” relates to sins being forgiven by accepting Jesus Christ who was the “seed of Abraham” (the one the promise pointed to):

“Unto you first God, having raised up his Son Jesus, sent him to bless you in turning away every one of you from his iniquities.”


Of all the passages of the New Testament Galatians 3 show clearly the relationship of these promises to Jesus Christ:

“And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen (nations) through faith, preached the gospel to Abraham, saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed” (v.8)

“That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith” (v14)


Although the promise referred to a multitude of descendants, it had particular reference to an individual “the son of Abraham”:

“Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He (God) saith not, And to seeds (plural) as of many, but as of one (singular, an individual), And to thy seed, which is Christ”.


The promise had a particular fulfillment in Jesus Christ, as the means by which others through faith would be heirs of the same promise (see v.26-29)

“For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus” (v.26)

“For as many of you as have been baptised into Christ have put on Christ” (v27)

“And if ye be Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed and heirs according to the promise” (v.29)


Before the Lord Jesus Christ was born Isaiah prophesied (Isaiah 9:6-7):

“Unto us a son is born… of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever”.


This aspect of the promise to David was announced to Mary by the angel Gabriel:

“…thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest (cp. 2 Samuel 7:14); and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David; and he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever” (Luke 1:31-33)


Clearly then both the promises to Abraham and David find their fulfillment in Jesus Christ.


Fulfilled in the Kingdom of God

Summarising the promises, we see that the promises to Abraham relate to:

  • a seed
  • a land


whereas the promise to David spoke of a king.

The land of Israel was clearly spoken of and Abraham was told that he and his seed would inherit it forever. He died without receiving his inheritance (Acts 7:5; Hebrews 11:13). But we are told that those who are baptised into Christ become joint-heirs with Abraham and Christ (Galatians 3:27-29). In other words, they will inherit it at the same time as Abraham (see Hebrews 11:39-40).

Abraham is dead (Hebrews 11:13)! If he is to receive the promise he must be resurrected. Jesus taught that Abraham would be raised from the dead (Matthew 22:30-32). He said to others “Ye shall see Abraham… in the Kingdom of God and you yourselves thrust out” (Luke 13:28).

David is dead. If his throne is to be established before him (i.e. in his presence) David must also be resurrected.

Psalm 16:9-10 states        

“…My flesh also shall rest in hope”.


The hope of resurrection – v.10

“For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption”.


Two resurrections are spoken of: Jesus (God’s Holy One) and David’s own resurrection.

When will the promises be completely fulfilled? Not until Jesus Christ reigns on earth as king on the throne of David.

This is referred to in the Scriptures as the restored kingdom of Israel (see Acts 1:6). Jesus will come again (Acts 1:11) to fulfill all the promises God has made (Acts 3:19-21).

Resurrection and Judgement

Gather Together My Saints to Me!

God intends to resurrect the dead and gather them together with the living, so as to bring all who are amenable to judgment before Christ to dispense justice:

1 Thessalonians 4:15
Dead and living together meet Christ.
2 Thessalonians 2:1
Gathered together to Christ
Psalm 50:1-5
Saints gathered by one and same call
Matthew 25:32
“All nations” gathered together before Christ
Luke 17:24-37
Gathering within one 24 hour period.
Romans 14:10-12
One judgement seat before which all bow.
Hebrews 11:39
Dead and living perfected at one time.

The First Resurrection

Hebrews 6:2 – FOUNDATION FIRST PRINCIPLE

Resurrection “anastasis” = “a standing again” of the dead, alive and vigorous. “Anistemi” shows this = “stand up” Acts 1:15; 10:26; 11:28; 13:16; 14:10; Mark 14:60; Luke 4:16; 10:25

THERE SHALL BE A RESURRECTION of the righteous Acts 24:15 As pledged by promises to Abraham (Matthew 22:30-32) in which some surely obtain immortality (Luke 20:35-38). Christ himself preached it. (Matthew 22:30-32, Mark 12:25-26; Luke 20:35) So did the apostles (Acts 4:2; 17:18; 23:6; 24:21; 1 Corinthians 15:3-4,11-12)


Denial of the Aionion Resurrection is Error

This denies fundamental truth (1 Corinthians 15:12-18), which testifies to ignorance (Matthew 22:29). Claim it is past will overthrow faith (2 Timothy 2:18)


God Demonstrated in Christ Both Resurrection and His Power:

Christ raised dead girl by touch (Mark 5:41)
Christ raised dead man by word alone (Luke 7:14, John 11:43)
God raised Christ in evidence of might (Ephesians.1:19-20)
Christ first to rise, as prophets and apostles testify (Acts 26:22-23)
Christ firstfruits, implying harvest (1 Corinthians 15:20; Colossians 1:18, Revelation 1:5)
God’s dead awakened (Isaiah 26:19)
Former bodily existence restored (Job 19:25-27)


Reasons for the Resurrection of Those Sleeping in Christ

Ransomed in foretaste of death’s own destruction (Hosea 13:14)
Their dead reckoned sleep (1 Thessalonians 4:16)
Made alive because in Christ (1 Corinthians 15:20-22)
Made alive forever because of faith (John 11:25-26)
Given life because they have done good (John 5:28-29)
Raised to receive recompense (Luke 14:14)

Both just and unjust raised (Daniel 12:2; John 5:29; Acts 24:15)
Resurrection object of desire to faithful (Philippians 3:10-11)
Is bettered by suffering (Hebrews 11:35)
This resurrection at Christ’s coming (1 Corinthians.15:23)
At last day (John 11:23-26; 6:39, 40, 44, 54)
This is the “first resurrection” (Revelation 20:5-6)


God, the Judge of All

A judgement of all responsible to obey Gospel, will take place immediately before millennium begins. This is fundamental of Gospel (Hebrews 6:2)


God Himself is Judge of All

He will judge world in righteousness (Psalm 9:7-8; 96:10; 1 Samuel 2:10, 1 Chronicles 16:33, Hebrews 12:23)


God has Appointed Christ to Judge over Men

In day when world judged by him (Acts 17:31)
To son of Man all judgement given (John 5:22,27)
As judge of living and dead (Acts 10:42, 2 Timothy 4:1)
To expose secrets of hearts (1 Corinthians 4:5; Romans 2:16)
We all stand before Christ’s judgment (Romans 14:10; 2 Corinthians 5:10)
This judgment integral to preaching Gospel (Romans 2:16)


The Time of Judgement

All who have undergone probation, or known Truth from creation to 2nd advent are related to AIONION Judgment (Hebrews 6:2), so called because it will determine who enters Aionion blessings, and because it immediately precedes Millennial AION.


Time of Aionion Judgement Fixed as:

At Christ’s 2nd advent (Matthew 24:42-51; Luke 12:42-46; 1 Corinthians 4:5; Jude 14; 2 Timothy 4:1; Matthew 25:1-13; 19-30; Luke 13:24-30; Matthew 7:21-23; 13:24-29; 22:1-14; Luke 19:12-26; Matthew 16:24-27) At the last days (John 12:48)

When the dead are raised (Acts 17:31; John 5:25-29; Revelation 11:18)

When righteous are rewarded (Matthew 7:22; 24:50; Luke 12:46; John 12:48; Acts 17:31-32; Romans 2:5-16; 2 Peter 2:9; 3:7; Jude 6,14)

The day of Christ (1 Corinthians 1:8)


Those Who are to be Judged

Both living and dead, both obedient and disobedient participate jointly:-

Both living and dead to be judged (Acts 10:42; 2 Timothy 4:1; 1 Peter 4:5) jointly (Acts 24:15; Luke 13:27-30)


Righteous and Wicked Appear Together:

  • Virgins converse together (Matthew 25:1-13)
  • Good and wicked servants examined in sight of each other, and before Christ (Matthew 25:19-30; Luke 19:12-26)
  • “Sheep” and “Goats” separated out of one company (Matthew 25:31-46)
  • Well-doers and evil-doers judged in one “day” (Romans 2:15-16; Luke 10:12-14; 11:31-32; Jude 15)
  • Wicked protest as righteous enter kingdom (Matthew 22:1-14)
  • Both “just” and “unjust” judged at 2nd advent (Matthew 12:36-42)

All Responsible by Knowledge are Arraigned:

  • God, a great king, whose commands are law to all (1 Timothy 6:15) Gospel message command to obey (Acts 17:30, 1 Peter 4:5; Psalm 105:7-9)
  • Refusal to obey Gospel in repentance and baptism is sin-
  • Unrepentant Romans 2:1-5        
  • Felix trembled Acts 24:25
  • Disobey Gospel 2 Thessalonians 1:7-9
  • Rejecters judged John 12:48
  • Unbelievers condemned Mark 16:15-16
  • Sin remains John 9:39-41
  • Sin manifest John 15:21-24                
  • Caiaphas raised Matthew 26:64
  • Caiaphas raised Mark 14:62                
  • Unrepentant judged Acts 17:30-32
  • Baptism commanded Acts 10:48

What God Will Bring into Judgement

  • We will be judged for deeds, good or bad – Romans 2:1-11; John 5:25-29; Matthew 25:19-30; 25:31-46; 7:21-23; 13:24-42;
  • Matthew 19:12-26; 24:42-51; Jude 6,15; Luke 12:40-46; Ecclesiastes 12:13-14
  • Judged for belief or rejection of Word of God – John 12:42-48;
  • Matthew 12:36-42; Luke 10:12-14; 11:13-32; John 5:22-24; 2 Thessalonians 1:6-10; Mark 8:38; Luke 9:26; 8:16-18.
  • Judged for repentance or refusal to repent – Acts 17:30-32;
  • Romans 2:4-5; Matthew 12:41; Luke 10:12-13;11:32
  • Judged for our words – Matthew 12:36-37; 2 Timothy 2:17; James 1:22-26; Luke 12:1-3; 2 Peter 2:1-3,9.
  • By judgment secrets brought to light – 1 Corinthians 4:5; Romans 2:5-16; 1 Timothy 5:24-25; Luke 8:16-18; 12:1-3; Ecclesiastes 12:13-14
  • We will exact give an account of our deeds – 1 Peter 1:5; Romans 14:12; Matthew 12:36; Hebrews 13:7; Luke 16:2; Matthew 25:19-30; Luke 19:12-26


Children of Christadelphian Parents

  • Reckoned “holy” 1 Corinthians 7:14
  • In both 1st Exodus (Exodus 12:37) and 2nd (Isaiah 49:22; 60:4) children accompany parents to judgment. So in Christ’s exodus (Luke 9:31) of which 1st exodus is model (1 Corinthians 10:6,11; Hebrews 12:18-25)
  • Principles of God’s care of our children – not condemned for parents’ sins (Deuteronomy 24:12-22; Ezekiel 18:1-4,20) unless children also hate God (Deuteronomy 5:9)
  • Yah cares for children of rebel parents Numbers 14:29-31; Deuteronomy 1:39
  • Children of rebel Israelites perish only when they refuse to flee from parents to Yah (Numbers 16:23-33; Ezekiel 9:6 cf. 18:1-4,20,23; 2 Chronicles 36:14-17; Ezra 9:6-9; Nehemiah 9:30-35; Isaiah 9:13-17)
  • Children of rebel parents who flee to Yah are saved (Numbers 16:23-33; 26:9-11)
  • Yah is father to fatherless Psalm 68:5; 10:14 and their protector Psalm 72:4; 146:9, commanding Israel to protect them Exodus 22:22; Deuteronomy 10:18; 14:29; 16:11,14; 24:17,19,20,21; 27:19; Psalm 82:3
  • Able to do above all we ask or think Ephesians 3:20


Christ Is Coming to Reign on Earth

Christ Will Return Literally and Visibly to the Earth

(a)
Old Testament passages

Psalm 110:1, Jeremiah 3:17; Zechariah 14:4; Job 19:25; Psalm 102:16



(b)
New Testament passages

Acts 1:11; Acts 3:20-21; Hebrews 9:28; 2 Timothy 4:1; Matthew 25:31; Revelation 1:7; 1 Thessalonians 1:10; 2:19; 4:15,16; 5:2, 23; 2 Thessalonians 1:7, 10;2:2.

Christ is Coming to Re-Establish God’s Kingdom On Earth

Isaiah 2:2-4; 11:4-11; Psalm 72; Daniel 2:44; Acts 1:6;15:16; Revelation 11:15


Christ Will Come as a Thief

1 Thessalonians 5:2
Christ comes as a thief
1 Thessalonians 4:15-16
Resurrection and gathering together to him.
2 Thessalonians 2:1

2 Thessalonians 1:10
Comes to be glorified in his saints.


Christ Comes as a Thief Before the Battle of Armageddon

Revelation 16:15-16
               

At the Battle of Armageddon Christ Will be Revealed to the World

Revelation 1:7; Zechariah 14:9
       

Details of His Revelation

Zechariah 14
:2
Armageddon

:3
Divine intervention

:4
Great earthquake as Christ and saints come to Mount of Olives.

:9
The ultimate result.

Christ is Going to Establish World Government at Jerusalem

Micah 4
:1
House of Prayer to be established at Jerusalem (Matthew 21:13)

:2
World government – one religion – Christ’s throne to be there

:3
World-wide government – peace on earth.

:4
Family life to be restored
Matthew 5
:35
Jerusalem to become city of Great King.

The Basis of the Establishment of this World-Wide Kingdom will be the Return of the Jews to the Land of Israel


Ezekiel 37
:21
Regathering

:22
One nation

:23
Turn to God (Zechariah 12:10; Romans 11:26)

:24
Christ to be king (David means beloved)

:25
Dwell forever in land

:26
Have peace

:26, 27,28
Temple to be built.

World-Wide Pilgrimage of People to Worship at Temple

Isaiah 2:3-4; Jeremiah 3:17; Zechariah 8:20-23; Zechariah 14:16


The Atonement

The Fall from Innocence – Part 1

Reading:         Psalm 17

Isaiah 45:18 reveals God’s purpose in creation – that man should LIVE – “He formed it to be inhabited”. Death temporarily has changed this. But God’s plan of restoration will overcome this difficulty.

Another passage, Revelation 4:11, says that we were created “for God’s pleasure” – therefore sin and death must be removed that God may rejoice in His creation.

God made man in a condition that he need not have sinned. It must be our endeavour to give God the pleasure that Adam and Eve did not give him.

Genesis 1:26 expresses God’s intent in making man through his angels (the “us” and “our”) – that man should be in God’s image and like-ness; v27 tells us what was actually done.

Image – cp. Genesis 9:1-4 God reserves full control over life – we eat by God’s permission but not a right; v5 life is God’s alone to give and take; v6 the reason – it was never God’s intent that man’s life be lost – therefore God’s work is to restore the way of life that has been lost.

Colossians 3:1-4 contrast with vv5-9, the reason being stated in v10 that in Christ there is a restoration, a renewal – i.e. new conscience, or mind.

Returning to Genesis 1:26 “image and likeness” – man was in every respect created in God’s image and a likeness of that image was real. Cp. Ephesians 4:17-24 image is readily used of mental and moral matters. There is then to be a restoration to what was after the pattern of God.

Adam was a natural creature, “very good” (but not perfect). In the new creation there is a bringing back to what man once was. See Psalm 17:15 – only the pure in heart shall see God; they will be given a mind of righteousness (a mind fitted for righteousness a restoration of God’s likeness).

Consider James 1:12-13 God doesn’t tempt; He neither suffers temptation nor is the cause of it. How is this possible? Only if God did not make man with sinfully inclined lusts; vv14-16 an explanation of what is the experience of man; v17 What did man receive from God? GOOD GIFTS. Qualities that were completely formed without defect. What is light is that which comes from God; it is clear then that man was made without the qualities lustfulness that now characterises mankind. V18 tells us that what God achieves in us is what was intended for Adam.

James 3 contrasts what qualities have come from the earth verses 14-16,with God’s endowments verses 17-18.

The origin of the evil in man is from man; but that which in good is from God.

Passages to Consider:

Ecclesiastes 7:29 “devices” – inventions, word only used twice in the Bible, here and in 2 Chronicles 26:15 engines.

Peter 1:4; Romans 8:3; Genesis 3:1-11 the deceitfulness of sin; Genesis 2:23-25; 2 Corinthians 11:3; 1 Timothy 2:13; 1 Corinthians 11:7-11; Romans 8:20-25; 1 Corinthians 15:49; Hebrews 10:22.


The Fall from Innocence – Part 2

Two great forces are at work in the world: (1) God, and (2) His enemy – human nature. Even when we want to do right there are in us emotions that want to sin.

Ecclesiastes 7:25 Wisdom that finds out matters; v26 moral consequences involved why does she do this? V27 counted out examples one by one; v28 I looked to find people who could resist emotions. He says I found one man, but I didn’t find a woman. A woman is a softer, more emotional person than a man. All women are vulnerable to emotion and most men also are. V29 “this only I found” is better because he is describing an historical fact.

See Genesis 2:7 – 3 statements: (1) formed of ground, (2) breathed into nostrils, and (3) became a loving soul.

“The upright” of Ecclesiastes 7 therefore describes the mental make-up of Adam. A balanced mental and moral condition. They (i.e. Adam firstly and the human race since) have sought out ways that deviate from God. They have become bent because emotion has entered and taken control.

“Inventions” cp. “engines” 2 Chronicles 26:15 – catapults for war; for use against the enemy. Man uses them against God and fellow man. Why have all fallen into this trap? Remember God had no involvement in the spoiling of the human race. How then did it happen? Genesis 3.

The real marvel is not a talking snake – budgerigars.

Intelligence is not so strange. How many people are there? Man was made by God intelligent; therefore if God for a reason made an intelligent animal such as the snake is not so strange.

Genesis 3:1 “subtil” = cunning, observant. People suggest Satan may have used the snake. To know God does not leave room for a malevolent rebel. But additional to this, consider 2 Corinthians 11:3 – the serpent beguiled Eve through its shrewdness, its cunning. He warns of a model of a problem being duplicated. Eve’s simplicity contrasted the serpent’s cunning. The serpent was pitting his intelligence against Eve’s. The snake and Eve had the same set of facts before them. Eve’s interpretation was uncomplicated – what God said was true. The serpent juggled the facts. We don’t know how long their probationary period lasted.

It took a suggestion from outside before there could be any deceit – this could not come from within Adam and Eve. Genesis 3:1 cp. 2:16 – God speaks in generosity, the snake speaks negatively. V2 the woman states the positive – there’s only 1 tree forbidden. She is educating the snake, but unaware of his resources. Vv2-3 the tree at this stage had no appeal to Eve. V4 the serpent scoffs. V5 you’ll be as angels (Gods – Elohim). He has misinterpreted facts as the snake didn’t know how they had gotten immortality. V6 she now saw what she had never looked at before. “Pleasant” = “desire”; 2x in verse desire is used – she has begun to absorb the lie and she now has “awakened desire”. She took it because being deceived she believed she could get away with it. After she had taken the fruit she was alive with desire – this she took to Adam – he was not deceived. See 1 Timothy 2:11-14. Eve believed it would have good consequences; but not deceived, Adam still proceeded. Why?

2 Peter 1:4 Corruption introduced into the world by Adam. Compare Romans 5:12 Adam chose to have his wife rather than God. Emotion does not have same power over men as it does over women (1 Timothy 2:11-14).

Genesis 3:7 The serpent’s lie awakened Eve’s desires that became powerful in her. After transgression desire was aroused in realms not related to original desire. Their desire for each other was not out of control. Emotions in us are not only there but they are out of control. That’s where God’s enemy is – the uncontrolled emotions in us. Cp. Ephesians 4:22 – in us there are desires that deceive us into sinning. An exposition of this is found in Romans 7:8-11. Concupiscence = lust (same word v7). V11 lust deceives us and bring us into sin. Emotional power can rationalise (wrongly) the word of God. Hebrews 3:13 Lusts are called by the name of what they cause – “sin which is deceitful”. Adam and Eve themselves caused the bias that we now have.

Is God the cause of sin? No. Because God made man upright. Did Adam have to follow Eve? No. Genesis 2:21-22 a sign of death for his bride. Adam had to expect to sacrifice himself for his wife. Adam was to go to God and then to die for her and then be raised again. Adam would so have turned away the course of sin from the world, see 1 Corinthians 15:44-45; Romans 5:14 as happened in Christ. When Adam sinned he then spoiled the figure.

The enemy of God is here within us. Romans 8:5-8 mind = to think. But we thank God that through his word he will enlighten us, vv9-11 (see also Romans 7:22-25). The need was then for God to bring a “new man” to conquer sin.


Why did Christ have to Die?

Reading: Romans 8:1-10

If you had a son the last thing on earth you would permit would be his death if it could be helped. Romans 8:31-32; 5:6-8 – God’s motivation was love – John 3:16 He loved us enough to want to save us. The necessity of Christ’s death was the destruction of God’s enemy by Christ dying. None, not even Christ himself, could come to life until the enemy was overcome.

Romans 8:4 – we are both a person, and a person with a body which has inclinations.

Verses 5-6 – the flesh causes people to think fleshly thoughts the emotional basis of sin. The consequences of natural thought processes is death; but if you think the way the Scriptures teach it leads to life.

Verse 7 – we automatically think in a way that is opposed to God. There is no way to make the thinking of the flesh subject to God’s law. Carnal thoughts must be fought. For this reason, although a sinner may turn and repudiate his sins – the flesh, the real culprit, must be destroyed. But here is a dilemma for us, for in killing the flesh the person dies also.

A man possessing our promptings but never yielding to sin and yet dying provides the answer to the dilemma, Romans 8:1-3. How the Truth is believed can free us from the inevitable consequence of sin which brings death. The weakness of the law was in breaking the linkage between sin and death – its weakness was in flesh’s inability to keep it; the emotions in us from time to time overthrow the law and bring sin.

God did it by sending His own son. How did he break the linkage? By being God’s son he was equipped by God to derive from the Bible to conquer sin; the same power, but a wider channel for operation, than exists for us. God sent His son in “a likeness of sin’s flesh” (the flesh in which sin operates). The idea is of sameness; cp. Romans 5:14 – same word in Greek, similitude. Likeness = identicalness.

Jesus lived a lifetime free from sin and yet died a special death that spoke of “a condemnation”. When put in a grave it seemed that the condemnation stuck. It implied to many that he was a sinner. But his resurrection showed that he personally was not condemned but flesh – the real culprit was condemned. When his body was changed from flesh to spirit the emotions which lead to sin were expunged from his being and he was given immortality (Romans 7:5, 18-20) .

God prevented the processes of Jesus’ corruption for the three days in which the enemy of death would not triumph, 1 Corinthians 15:54-55.

Hebrews 2:14 – the children of Adam share human nature in the same war that Jesus did. The devil is “the law of sin and death” of Romans 8:3. The devil has the power of death, cp. Romans 5:12; 6:23. Human nature is the great transgressor and hence must be destroyed; that is, the force having the power of death can only possibly be destroyed by the death of the individual if it is part of the one dying. The devil is destroyed by death in each one of us.

Where does the Mercy of God Come From?

Reading: Psalm 62

Romans 2:1 The sort Of Person God Most dislikes.
Romans 2:2 Judgment based upon what a man does.


People behave like that for 2 reasons:

vv 3-4

(a) Because they feel they can escape the judgment of God (cp. Psalm 62:11-12, a foundation from which Romans 2 is based);

or

(b) They despise God’s goodness.


v6 cites Psalm 62.

If God renders according to deeds then what place has repentance (v4)? The answer is in Psalm 62:12 (a universal and invariable rule i.e. a principle) – a “cause and effect” relationship. Because God gives according to a man’s deeds – God’s response is related to what we do, i.e. the merciful receives mercy cp. Matthew 6:12 (vv14-15 expound the principle). God’s mercy is an expression of His Justice.

James 2:12-13 mercy boasts against judgment not Justice.

Matthew 18:23-35 illustrates that God’s mercy is of greater proportion than the forgiveness that we are required to show upon others – it is a likeness of deed, not proportion.

Psalm 18:20-26 (froward = perverse)

Zechariah 1:3 Before we turn to God there is the overture of reconciliation – Thus says God (1); our response (2); God’s response (3).

(Romans 5:8-10; 2 Corinthians 5:18-19 – the reconciliation is not completed until we have responded vv20-21; 1 John 4:7-11 the man who follows God’s example receives from God that which he shows to others – love, mercy).

Proverbs 24:11-12 If you see someone on the way to death and do nothing about it – you will receive in kind. Jude vv21-23; Proverbs 24:17-18 If we don’t give compassion God might show mercy despite us.

Psalm 130:1-3 None would stand v4 forgiveness in order (a Psalm of Hezekiah – a Song of Degrees) that thou mayest be feared (cp. Isaiah 38:1-17 the history from which the Psalm is drawn vv1-5 God changed His purpose in response to Hezekiah’s deeds; v17 the gift showed that God put away his sins because of his way of life). God doesn’t forgive if we don’t, cp. 1 Kings 8:37-40. Romans 2:4 God is good, forebearing and longsuffering; v7 God bears long awaiting a response that He might show mercy. In seeking glory, honour and immortality we are seeking and following God.


Christ’s Death, Our Ransom from Death


What we have seen is that unless God had intervened, as he has our behalf, after man had introduced sin, then our position would have been hopeless – bound to die and return to dust, and extinction. But God loved the world and “gave” Christ as a sacrifice to redeem us from death (John 3:14-16).

The reason we are bound to die is that we are mortal by inheritance from Adam and, as well, we also sin (Romans 5:12; 6:23), so God Himself sentences us to death.

The great marvel of God’s purpose to save us is that He has solved the dilemma our sins pose:

How can the Holy God, who Himself condemned us to death because of our sins, save us from death without condoning our sins, which He who is “of purer eyes than to behold iniquity” cannot do?


There are three possible alternatives, two of which the Bible makes plain are utterly unacceptable to God.

1
The first would require God to waive the sentence, and simply condone sins. He will not do this. To do so would be to abdicate from all authority over mankind and forfeit all honour and respect. He certainly did not choose this.


2
Secondly, a substitute could have been sought, who would die instead of sinners. This would require a man who was righteous, offering to die instead of those rightly guilty and would require God to accept the substitution.



This contemptible expedient would present God in the light, of a vindictive enemy only, concerned with retribution, whose wrath must be placated by blood, with no concern for whose blood; because there is no justice in the death of the righteous so the guilty can go scot-free.



Our God is just and has Himself sought our salvation because of His love for the world – so substitution is impossible. He did not choose this alternative.


3
God chose to save us by means of a representative sacrifice. Jesus Christ was crucified and died on our behalf (not instead of us) to bring about forgiveness of our sins.



This is the only alternative in which God could Himself remain righteous, while saving us by making us righteous. (Romans 3:26)


A Representative Sacrifice

God is a Great King over all His universe. Having decreed that men who sin must die, He will not lift that sentence. We who disobey are guilty and will die – but in His goodness God has established the means of rescuing us from death, the results of that sentence.        

His chosen means is Christ Jesus, who died as a sacrificial representative of mankind to save all who believe in Him.

So that Jesus can be a fitting representative of us whom he came to save, he was born of our nature. He is the man Christ Jesus (1 Timothy 2:5), who shared our nature in all respects – Hebrews 2:14:

“Forasmuch as (we) the children are partakers of the flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same…”


He experienced all the temptations to sin which our nature generates (yet he conquered them all and was sinless – Hebrews 4:15)

It is these facts that made Jesus the fit person he is to be both our representative and the sacrifice to save us.

The Source of Sin Condemned

Because he was a sinless man it was not Jesus, but sin, that was condemned when he died. (Romans 8:3) In the lusts to sin which he by nature experienced he was identical to us. These are the source of sin (Romans 7:5,8,11,13) and were condemned and put to death in his death.

Our Lord Jesus Christ is therefore a representative to us of what God’s sentence is on sins, so we should see in him what is due to us because of our sins. God’s means of saving us centres round this recognition.

Since we who believe the gospel of Christ are baptised into Christ to acknowledge and confess to God our sins and accept God’s sentence on us because of them, God forgives us those sins.

It is because we accept the justice of God’s condemnation on our disobedience, as He has expressed it in Christ’s death, that He is prepared to forgive the offences and reckon us to be righteous – without sin. (Romans 5:15-19)

In fact, on account of our faith and acceptance of His sentence, God reckons us to have died with Christ, so that the just punishment of our sins has been discharged. (Romans 6:1-7)

Consequently He counts us to be entitled to rise with Christ from death. (Romans 6:4-5) So Jesus represents us in his death and in his resurrection. Therefore, should we die before Christ returns (and have believed the Gospel), he will resurrect us from death at his coming. (John 11:25)

The Bible always exhibits Christ’s sacrifice of himself as representative of those he saves. (Colossians 1:19-22; 1 Peter 2:21-25)

Only by dying with Christ, as we do in baptism, can we be forgiven our sins, and be rescued from death:

“Repent and be baptised every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins” (Acts 2:38)


There is no other way that God accepts:

“Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is no other name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved” (Acts 4:12)


A New Way of Life

Christ loved us and gave his life for us. In baptism into his death we acknowledge that the way of sacrifice is the only way to life.

The rest of our life until we die or he comes, as he soon will, is to be a daily expression of that principle. We should put to death each day all the evil propensities of our bodies (Colossians 3:1-5).

“If any man will come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it. For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul? For the son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his works.” (Matthew 16:24-27)


Saving Sinners: The Solution from the Holy God

Since God is righteous and loves righteousness, Psalm 11:7, His chosen means of salvation is in keeping with this –

Humanly speaking, there are 3 possibilities:

  1. To waive the sentence of death for sin – IMPOSSIBLE! Since by this God would abdicate all authority.
  2. To substitute an innocent victim and allow the guilty sinner to go free – IMPOSSIBLE! Since by this God would become both unrighteous and vindictive.
  3. To provide a sinless man who offers himself as a representative sacrifice – GOD’S CHOICE! Since by this God remains righteous, His sentence is upheld, while He forgives repentant sinners.

A Representative Sacrifice

  • All men have sinned – Romans 3:23
  • So, all condemned to die – Romans 6:23
  • God, who is righteous, will not lift that sentence – Romans 6:7
  • Hence, two Divine principles:
  • Only by death can we be saved from death
  • Only by sacrificing life can we gain life
  • Although He will not lift the sentence, “death for sin”, God will rescue from death those who submit to that sentence in belief or the gospel and baptism
  • The only acceptable means for us to submit to God’s sentence is by:


A Representative Sacrifice in whom we die and revive

The Qualification for the Representative


1.
Of the nature of sinners – Hebrews 2:14


2.
Tempted like sinners – Hebrews 4:15


3.
Yet without sin, so in his death sin itself was condemned and cancelled – Romans 8:1-4


A focus for us to identify with and acknowledge God’s sentence just – Romans 6:1-7

4.
Resurrected, and rescued from death, so we can be rescued with him – Romans 6:5


5.
And so, God is righteous while forgiving sinners – Romans 3:23-26

Why Temptation?

Because it is part of a process of trial to test our faith –

  • Our faith is rendered valuable by the testing of our obedience – 1 Peter 1:7; James 1:2-3
  • Two elements are necessary for this test:


1. A law from God, defining and prohibiting sin Romans 7:7-11
2. A prompting and inducement to disobey – Genesis 3:4-6; James 1:14


  • We are victors when we recognise the prompting as evil in opposing God’s law, and reject it
  • We become transgressors when we are deceived by the prompting into disobeying God’s law – Genesis 3:13; Ephesians 4:22

The Source of Temptation

The First Temptation and its Results:

  • When man was “very good” as created (Genesis 1:31), his desires not yet inflamed into lusts as a result of sin – so an external deceiver was necessary to prompt disobedience – Genesis 3:2-3
  • By its lies, the serpent persuaded Eve that disobedience would not be punished (3:4) and the results of sin would be enlightening and elevating – 3:5
  • Eve was deceived into desiring to disobey, believing all the results would be good – 3:6
  • The consequence of this was that mild desires were inflamed into lusts – 3:7
  • These lusts are now the deceiver – Romans 7:7-8, 11, so that the source of temptation is now within us – James 1:14; Romans 8:7; 7:23; Ephesians 2:3

Lust of the Flesh the Source of Sin

Lusts, being now the deceiving and tempting agency, they perform the part taken at the first by the serpent; so lusts may be called “the serpent in the flesh” cf. Ephesians 4:22

  • Lusts are part of the nature of flesh – Ephesians 2:3
  • It is the flesh that lusts – Galatians 5:16-17
  • And the lusts are what bring forth sin – James 1:15
  • Hence sins come from the flesh – Colossians 2:11
  • And lusts are a “law of sin” residing in our members – Romans 7:23
  • Consequently, “the thinking of the flesh is enmity against God” – Romans 8:6-7


Figuratively, therefore, God calls sinners by the name of serpents – Matthew 23:33 and uses serpent as symbol of human nature, Numbers 21:4-9, and in particular, as symbol of human nature borne by his own sinless son – John 3:14-15.

This is to emphasise that flesh is so ineradicably sinful that “flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom” – 1 Corinthians 15:50


Why was Sin Condemned in the Flesh

A governing and indispensable element in God’s scheme of atonement is that God “might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus” – Romans 3:26.

God’s righteousness in the atonement could only be established by founding atonement on condemning sin.

However, condemning sin does not justify the sinner, but rather condemns him also, and necessitates that he must die.

There remains then this problem, that:

WHAT JUSTIFIES GOD CONDEMNS THE SINNER

And this intractable conflict remains for every sin and every sinner. In fact, this conflict holds true in every circumstance, except one. There is one possible circumstance in which:

WHAT JUSTIFIES GOD ALSO JUSTIFIES SINNERS


It is: Where SIN is condemned in THE FLESH.

Sin can be condemned in the flesh only in unique and special circumstances:

  1. In the case of a righteous man – because in this case only will the condemnation fall on sin, NOT on the man.
  2. By the death of the righteous man – because in this case only can sin actually be condemned IN flesh.
  3. And by the resurrection of the righteous man – because only by the revival of the righteous man could it be demonstrated that his death was not a condemnation of him, but of sin – Romans 1:4; 3:25.

What is Sin in the Flesh?

Being by definition lawlessness (1 John 3:4) unrighteousness (1 John 5:17) and failure to attain the glory of God’s character (Romans 3:23). SIN is necessarily an abstract term, an intangible.

Consequently SIN cannot have an independent, continuous existence anywhere, whether in the flesh or elsewhere

This means that when the Bible uses the expression SIN IN THE FLESH it is using a figure of speech.

Since SIN is the product of:

  • the passions in our members – Romans 7:5
  • the lusts of our flesh – Ephesians 2:3
  • our body of sin – Romans 6:6; Colossians 2:11


Therefore God has branded those passions and lusts with the name of their evil product, so Scripture calls these “SIN” – Romans 7:8, 9, 11, 13, 17, 20, 23; 8:2, 3.


How was Sin Condemned in the Flesh

Romans 8:1-4 presents the most crucial statement in the Bible of how and why Christ’s atoning sacrifice brings forgiveness for us who are guilty of sins:

It’s main substance is contained in the contrast between v1 and 3

  • “There is now therefore NO CONDEMNATION to those who are in Christ Jesus..” (8:1)
  • “For… God… CONDEMNED sin in the flesh” (8:3)


There are two great protagonists, whose work and results are contrasted:

  • THE LAW, whose function was to condemn guilty sinners (2 Corinthians 3:9) (8:3)
  • GOD, whose work was to condemn sin (8:3)


The law was imposed in order to condemn transgressions (Galatians 3:19; Romans 4:15); and this it did with great efficiency – condemning sin in sinners – Romans 3:19-20. In this it was IRRESISTIBLY STRONG!

Since the law was given for the purpose of condemning sin, how is it that it could not condemn sin IN THE FLESH? (8:3)

  • Notwithstanding that the law was irresistibly strong in condemning SIN in SINNERS,
  • It was nonetheless too weak to condemn SIN IN THE FLESH because it had to operate through the flesh (8:3)
  • Within which the PASSIONS OF SINS lever themselves into action by the very means of the law’s prohibition – Romans 7:5, 8, 11, 13
  • Forcing the law always to condemn sin NOT IN THE FLESH, but instead, IN SINNERS
  • So, salvation is impossible by the law!


What was needed was a man specially equipped to be a channel of strength from God (8:3) who would blot out the law with its entrenched antagonism to us – Colossians 2:14.

God provided His only begotten son, equipping him by means of his paternity to be THE CHANNEL OF STRENGTH FROM GOD required.

  • God intervened to provide strength since the law was unable to do so (8:3)
  • Sending His own son begotten by God from a virgin, to equip him by this means to be a channel of Divine strength equal to the task of total conquest of sin Romans 1:4; Psalm 80:15, 17
  • The power provided was the word of God – Romans 1:16; 1 Corinthians 1:18
  • In a likeness (cf. Romans 5:14 – another individual of the same kind) of flesh of sin (so called because flesh originates sin Colossians 2:11; Romans 7:17-18, 20, 23; 8:7-8) so that Jesus’ experience of temptation was identical to ours Hebrews 4:15; as was his experience of human nature Hebrews 2:14, except for sins.
  • The power of the word of God working in Christ held the working of the passions of sins down, confining them in the flesh (7:5) which is their source and home (Ephesians 2:3)
  • So, in Christ’s case, SIN never emerged to appear in Christ’s conscience as the guilt of sins committed (John 8:46)
  • Therefore, when Christ DIED, he died a righteous man, and, by God, UNCONDEMNED. Yet, DEATH is itself the supreme mark of CONDEMNATION (Romans 5:15-16)!
  • Since he was uncondemned, his DEATH had the necessary consequence that it condemned sin – and condemned it not in his CONSCIENCE, but in his FLESH where it had been held imprisoned.


BY THIS MEANS, SIN WAS CONDEMNED IN THE FLESH

Jesus Christ – Unique Channel of Divine Strength

In both the manner and effect of his begettal, Christ was unique – by it he was made the channel of Divine strength sufficient for the total conquest of sin.

Romans 1:4
Son of God in power as to spirit of holiness
Romans 8:3
What the law was powerless to do, God did, sending His own son to condemn sin in the flesh
Psalm 80:15, 17
Visit this VINE… THE BRANCH Thou madest strong for Thyself the man of Thy right hand… the son of man whom Thou madest strong for Thyself. THE VINE is by nature fit for no work – Ezekiel 15:2-5 I am the vine – John 15:1, 5 I can of mine own self do nothing John 5:19, 30
2 Corinthians 13:4
Jesus was crucified out of, by reason of, weakness; but lives out of, by reason of, power of God. God’s power was the reason he attained life, whereas human weakness was the reason he was crucified.

To Fill up the Sufferings of Christ

  • We were reconciled in the body of his (Christ’s) flesh so that we should fill up what is lacking of the afflictions of Christ in our flesh – Colossians 1:21-24
  • That we may know Christ, the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings, being conformed to his death – Philippians 3:10
  • As the sufferings of Christ abound in us, so our consolation also abounds by Christ… as you are partakers of the sufferings, so also of the comfort 2 Corinthians 1:5,7
  • Rejoice, inasmuch as you are partakers of Christ’s sufferings, that when his glory shall be revealed, you may be glad also with exceeding joy – 1 Peter 4:13

Man Mortal – Redeemed by Christ

Man Mortal

By experience we know that our present existence will end in death, but it is from the Bible that we know what death really means. God says:

“The living know that they shall die, but the dead know not anything” (Ecclesiastes 9:5)

“In death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give thee thanks?” (Psalm 6:4-5)


The only possible conclusion from these statements is that when a man dies his consciousness is extinguished.

This is in keeping with the way the Bible elsewhere speaks of death. For instance, Ecclesiastes 3:18-21, where Solomon shows death to be the same for man as for beasts, and wishes:


“…That they might see that they themselves are beasts.”

“For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath… All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again.”


God gives this same warning in Psalm 49:

“Man being in honour abideth not: he is like the beasts that perish” (v12)

“Like sheep they are laid in the grave; death shall feed on them” (v14)

“He (the rich) shall go to the generation of his fathers; they shall never see light. Man that is in honour, and understandeth not, is like the beasts that perish.” (vv 19-20)


We must conclude from these Scriptures that man perishes when he dies – and, unless he understands God, he is extinguished forever by death. As we discovered in our previous discussion, even faithful disciples of Christ depend on Christ to resurrect them. Without resurrection they too would perish like the rest. (1 Corinthians 15:18)

The “Soul” Mortal

Is it not clear, then, that the “soul” of man is mortal NOT immortal? To understand this let us be clear on what the “soul” of man is.

When God created man at the beginning, he became a “living soul”, as God said:

“The Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” (Genesis 2:7)


Reading this just as it is written, it says that whatever man is, was made from the dust of the ground – and it is man, the man made of dust, that is a “soul”. When life-giving breath was breathed into his nostrils, man, who had till then been a nonliving soul, became a living soul.

It is the body, made from the dust of the ground, that God is here calling a “soul”, and that is how the New Testament interprets it. In 1 Corinthians 15:44-45 the Apostle Paul writes of men who die:

“It is sown (into the grave) a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body. And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.”


Here God interprets the word “soul” to mean “natural body”. So it is clear that the Bible shows man’s soul to be his natural body and to be mortal.

These facts made understandable God’s sentence on Adam:

“In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.” (Genesis 3:19)


So death is the opposite of life. As life is existence, consciousness, so death is a return to non-existence, unconsciousness.

You will find further proof for this in Job 34:14; Psalm 146:4; James 4:14.

But God wishes to rescue us from that fate. He gave Christ, his only begotten son that:

“Whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” (John 3:15-16)


Immortality – A Hope and a Promise

Since we are mortal we depend on God to rescue us from death, and so He will, if we satisfy His conditions, for by Jesus Christ, God:


“Hath abolished death, and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel.” (1 Timothy 1:10)


Not having immortality otherwise, we can gain title to it only by believing the Gospel. (see Mark 16:15-16)

Immortality is held out to us as a promise, not a present possession; for instance:

“This is the promise that He hath promised us, even eternal life.” (1 John 2:25)


To us at present it is not our present experience, but a blessing we hope for:

“…We should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life.” (Titus 3:7; see also 1:2)


When we receive eternal life (which we will if we believe and obey the gospel) it will be God’s gift to us then. (Rom 6:23)

God will bestow eternal life only on those who do believe and obey the gospel. Rom 2:6-10 makes this clear.

When will God bestow on us His gift of immortality?

When Christ returns (Colossians 3:3-4; Philippians 3:20-21).


The Real Hell – The Grave

Consistent Bible usage establishes the real meaning of the Hebrew OLD TESTAMENT word SHEOL.

Where context prevented the translators from following theological bias. they rendered SHEOL into English by its proper equivalent – “the grave”.

  • “Like sheep they are laid in the grave” – Psalm 49:14
  • “Then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave” – Genesis 42:38
  • “God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave” – Psalm 49:15
  • “Our bones are scattered at the grave’s mouth” – Psalm 141:7
  • “They are gone down to hell with their weapons of war” – Ezekiel 32:27
  • “Though they dig into hell” – Amos 9:2


Where theological bias could gain an advantage the translators have rendered SHEOL by a different English word – “hell”.

Although “hell” properly means only a covered place (cf. ‘helmet’ = head covering), it has been shrouded with theological overtones, so “hell” now suggests an infernal region of flame ruled by ‘the devil’ in which wicked souls are perpetually tormented.

  • A fire is kindled… and shall burn unto the lowest hell…” – Deuteronomy 32:22
  • The wicked shall be turned into hell” – Psalm 9:17
  • “Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell” – Psalm 16:10
  • “Hell from beneath is moved for thee” – Isaiah 14:9
  • “The strong among the mighty shall speak to him out of the midst of hell” – Ezekiel 32:21


The Lake of Fire

When Sodom and Gomorrah were steeped in lust and wickedness, God rained on them the destruction of brimstone and fire, then buried them under the waters of the Dead Sea – Genesis 19:24

This holocaust burnt apparently for some days and was visible from the Judaean hills – Genesis 19:28, and was not extinguished when the cities were reduced to ashes – 2 Peter 2:6.

God interprets this brief burning and total destruction as “suffering the vengeance of eternal fire” – Jude 7. Hence: God is using “eternal” to describe the everlasting effect (permanent destruction), not the everlasting duration, of the fire.

The New Testament uses the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah in the fire and the Dead Sea as the basis of the symbol – “the lake of fire burning with brimstone” – which represents Europe in the process of being subdued by Christ in the war of Armageddon – Revelation 19:20.

The Old Serpent, the Devil and Satan

Introduction

There is a need to distinguish between ‘devil’ and ‘satan’. Both terms in the New Testament are used exclusively of men. ‘Devil’ is a New Testament word.

There is a very clear distinction between devil and satan. Devil is not used in Old Testament Hebrew, nor any similar word to it. There is no Old Testament counterpart of the devil – 4000 years of history presents no devil. Devil and satan are therefore quite distinct.

The Bounds of Fundamental Doctrine

Every subject of fundamental doctrinal importance in Scripture is given by God its broad definitions and strict bounds in an array of clear and emphatic generalisations.

To ignore these statements of principle, or to exceed their limits, is a mark of the “carnal mind” that is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be. It is a sobering thought that the majority of expositions of the subject of the Devil and Satan extant in the world religious resist the plain sense of Scripture, especially the major, definitive and clearest divine statements on the subject.

These declarations of principle are our protection from error and will be the focal centre and touchstone of the expositions to be featured in this study.

The Seven Declarations of Principle – The Devil and Satan


  1. THE SOLE SOURCE OF TEMPTATION IS THE LUSTS OF MAN – James 1:12-17
  2. ALL LUSTS ARE ORIGINATED BY THE WORLD – 1 John 2:15-17
  3. THE SOLE SOURCE OF SIN IS THE PASSIONS OF MAN’S FLESH – Romans 7:5-25
  4. THE THINKING OF MAN’S FLESH IS THE ENEMY OF GOD – Romans 8:7
  5. THE HEART OF MAN IS THE SOURCE OF ALL WICKEDNESS – Mark 7:18-23
  6. MAN’S HEART IS THE MOST DECEITFUL OF ALL THINGS – Jeremiah 17:5-11
  7. THE DEVIL HAS BEEN CANCELLED OUT THROUGH CHRIST’S DEATH – Hebrews 2:14


As we examine these, their universality and exclusiveness will become clear, as will their prime position as statements of fundamental principle.

They are the first things a reverent student of the Bible seeks in seeking to find God and to understand the Gospel He has graciously given to save us.

To these, throughout the effort, we give paramount weight, and use them to guide and limit our interpretations of all else said on this topic, especially such passages as contain figurative, symbolical, parabolic or ironical language, as many on this subject do.

Christendom has arrived at its extraordinary caricature of Bible doctrine by ignoring the Bible’s statements of principle, by wresting many passages out of their immediate context and the general context of Scripture and failing to distinguish literal from figurative language.

That being the process by which the theologians have reached their erroneous conceptions of the subject, we need to reverse the process to arrive at a clear and Scripturally true comprehension of what God does mean by the titles: “THE DEVIL” and “THE SATAN”, and this we will do, if God permit.

The Human Heart – Our Real Problem

In Jeremiah 17:1, 5, 9, 10 the emphasis is on the heart of man. V5 identifies the problem – it is not anyone other than man.
Jeremiah 17:9 the heart speaks of the innermost things. The heart is more deceitful than anything God knows.
Isaiah 40:4 same word as “deceitful” in Jeremiah – the heart is crooked, bent.
Hosea 6:8 mg (cunning) – same as “deceitful”.
Jeremiah 9:4 “utterly supplant” – one who pulls down and takes the place of another, supplanter. See Genesis 27:36 (related word) A cunning, crooked, supplanter – always supplants God. No work left for the devil of Christendom.
Jeremiah 17:9 – who then can ever get to the bottom of the human heart – there is nothing to match it.
“wicked” – cp. Jeremiah 15:18; 30:12,15. “Incurable” – Micah 1:9 Job 34:6 (“incurably sick”). “Very sick” – 2 Samuel 12:15. “Desperate or desperately sick” – Isaiah 17:11. The human heart is incurable. The only thing that can cure the human heart is to change its nature.
Jeremiah 17:10 – when God sees evil he goes into the heart that produced it – to find its source and get the right culprit. The devil then is human kind. V11 God does not as an unrightful possessor hang on to his ill-gotten gains. The heart will be changed in immortality.

Mark 7:2 – the subject is the source of defilement. V15 nothing external to a man can defile him. Vvl8-23 he chides the disciples for not understanding how true defilement occurs. V21 there is only one place of origin of all sin.

Mark 7 speaks of the evil of the human heart. Matthew 6:13 “the evil” or “the evil one” speaks of the human race.
James 1:12 “temptation” = trial; “tried” = Proven. Vvl3-14 it not God but you (v16 make no mistake I’ve told you the whole story) – it’s not God, but us. V17 excludes all other possibilities of a tempter’s origin. Sin doesn’t come from heaven. God only fathers light. Maybe now he’s Father of lights, but what of the past – v17 answers – there has been no change with the Father.

The Devil

The Devil is a title, which means: “The Transgressor”, which God has chosen to describe the source of all transgression against Him, that is, mankind’s own innate propensity to sin, “the passions of sins”, Romans 7:5. This same title is then used to describe people and human governments, which are dominated by that propensity to sin, John 6:70; 1 Peter 5:8.

God charges all the World with being His enemy, 1 John 2:16. He identifies the “passions”, Romans 7: 5-25, and “lusts”, James 1:13-17, which are in men, as the force that generates all the sins men commit, Mark 7:20-23.

It is this “thinking of the flesh” which He condemns as the source of the World’s enmity to Him, Romans 8:7.

It is these innate propensities to sin which God identifies as “The Devil”, Hebrews 2:14, which it was Christ’s work to destroy. This he did in his own case two thousand years ago, and will do for us who believe in his Truth when, very soon now, he returns from heaven, Hebrews 9:24-28; Matthew 25:31.

“The Devil invented by Catholic and Protestant theology is a perversion of this doctrine, which misuses unrelated Bible passages, regardless of their general or particular context.

To speak of a Devil who is a rebel angel is to deny the supremacy of God and invalidate the Lord’s prayer: “Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven”, Matthew 6:10.

To speak of a Devil who is immortal is to deny the justice and truthfulness of God, who says; “The wages of sin is death” Romans 6:23; Ezekiel 18:4, 20.

To speak of a Devil who is a rebel, sinful angel; who is spirit, and yet can die; is to deny both the worth of our own hope of salvation and the express teaching of Scripture that angels cannot die, Luke 20:36.

What Christadelphians Believe on the Devil

We believe that a correct understanding of the devil as outlined in God’s word is very important, in helping us to understand clearly God’s plan of salvation.

In Hebrews 2:14-15 it shows us the object of Christ’s mission – to destroy the devil which had the power of death. Christ partook of human nature and died in order to do this, and in so doing deliver others from the power of the devil and of death.

When we look at some other scripture we see that Christ came to destroy SIN :

Hebrews 9:26
“He put away SIN by the sacrifice of himself”.
1 Corinthians 15:3
“Christ died for our SINS.”
1 Peter 2:24
“His own self bare our SINS on the tree.”
1 John 3:5
“He was manifested to take away our SINS.”


We also see that SIN was the original cause of DEATH :-

Romans 6:23
“The wages of SIN is DEATH.”
Romans 5:12
“By one man SIN entered the world and DEATH by SIN”
1 Corinthians 15:56
“The sting of DEATH is SIN.”

From this it is obvious that Christ came to DESTROY SIN and also that the power of DEATH is in SIN. The Devil is therefore a synonym (or a word with the same meaning) for SIN. What then is SIN? From Romans 7 we see that sin and human nature are closely related.

v17
“SIN which dwelleth in me”
v23
“the law of SIN which is in my members”
v18
“I know that in me dwelleth no good thing, I will what is right but how to perform it I find not.”

Paul found himself constantly exposed to a mental conflict, he wanted to do the will of God, but HIS OWN desires were so strong that he found himself succumbing to them.

Vv19-24
He blames him failings on the weakness of human nature.


In Mark 7:15-23 we see that sin is from internal thoughts and not from external influences.

Galatians 5:17-21 describes the works of the flesh, they can be aligned in 1 John 3:8-10 with the works of the Devil.

James 1:14-15 “Every man is tempted when he is drawn away of HIS OWN lusts.”

If we look at the word “Devil” itself from the Greek, it is the word “Diabolos” which signifies a false accuser, or a slanderer. In 1 Timothy 3:11 we see it correctly translated as slanderer. 2 Timothy 3:3 translated false accusers and Titus 2:3 also false accusers.

We see from this that the word Devil basically relates to human nature. Human nature can be shown forth in various forms e.g. a government can become a political manifestation of the flesh if it stands in opposition to the ways of God. Look at 1 Peter 5:8. In this verse the Christians were being persecuted by civil authorities who likened to a roaring lion because of their ferociousness (cp. with Paul in 2 Timothy 4:17 he was delivered out of the mouth of the lion when he escaped imprisonment). Christ also referred to civil authorities as the devil in Revelation 2:10.

In 1 John 3:8 we see that right from the beginning of time it has been the lusts of the flesh that have driven men to sin – Christ came to destroy the works of the devil (he came to destroy sin and did so by opening a way for forgiveness and salvation).

So how do we overcome the devil – By following Christ’s example and conquering the flesh of the Glory of God. (Acts 2:38 Baptism, 1 John 1:9 Forgiveness).

The Satan

“The Satan” and “The Devil” are not identical. New Testament use of the word “Satan” is grounded historically in Old Testament precedent, and must be viewed in this light in order to be understood.

“The Satan” is a title: which means “The Opponent”, “The Adversary”; which God has chosen to describe people or bodies of people who, posing as worshippers of God, have abandoned His truth and turned to opposing it and those who espouse it, Matthew 12:26; Revelation 2:9; 20:2. It is particular, in its reference to religious opposition to God, His truth, or His faithful worshippers, not general, like “diabolos”, which by contrast refers broadly to sin and sinners.

In the expositions that will, God willing, comprise the Effort, the distinct themes to be found discriminating these two subjects in Bible teaching will be pointed out, and the great illumination that they cast on the meaning of individual contexts will be given rightful prominence.

Satan is a Hebrew word, meaning an adversary, or opponent.

The New Testament use of SATAN is special in two clear ways:

  1. Transferring into Greek letters, but untranslated, the Hebrew OLD TESTAMENT noun “Satan”, to stand out as an intruder into the Greek context, to direct us to apply its OLD TESTAMENT meaning in every NEW TESTAMENT context where Satan appears.
  2. Quoting directly from Job chapters 1 and 2 and Zechariah chapter 3 (with its background of Ezra chapters 4 to 6) the definite form “THE SATAN”, which is unique to those passages, to compel us to bring them to bear on every NEW TESTAMENT context where also the expression “The SATAN” appears.


Two Key Old Testament Passages

Zechariah 3:1 – Satan, noun; “to resist” – verb; both in same verse (note mg references). Why did they put satan there rather than adversary? (1) A theological reason and (2) because THE SATAN – definite article is used. “The satan” – a particular adversary that the Jews of Zechariah’s time were suffering. The historical background is found in Ezra 4:1-3 adversaries (tzar – another word), v3 they were refused, vv4-5 their response, v6 accusation (sitnah – an abstract noun formed from satan).

Zechariah 3:2 refers very clearly to Ezra 4. The issue was Jerusalem. Jesus takes this use of satan and makes it New Testament use, cp. Matthew 12:22-26. Beelzebub – 2 Kings 1:2. The god of Ekron – Philistine city. Lord of the flies – because they believed flies were good for healing. Jews changed it to Baalzebul – Lord of shame or the dung heap. He firstly proves that it is impossible for Beelzebub to be the source of power if he did make them sick he wouldn’t give another power to heal. V26 the definite article “If the Satan cast out the Satan”. If you wish to know what is meant by “the Satan” you will have to go to a Hebrew scripture to find it out. If I am not the one opposing God, he is the Joshua therefore those opposing him were the Satan of Zechariah 3. Cp. 1 Thessalonians 2:14-18 – he had sought to return but the Jews prevented him (the Satan).

There is an equivalent Greek idea for a religious opponent, cp. 1 Peter 5:8 adversary = ANTIKIEMENOS – one who lies down in front as an adversary. Another occurrence is in Jude v9 (devil = diabolos). Here there is some common ground between Satan and devil. Matthew 5:25 adversary (Antidikos – an opponent at law) – cp. Psalm 109:6,20,29; Zechariah 3:4. A wicked judge and an accuser they will be judged with the same basis used against me.

If there are Greek equivalents why transliterate into New Testament? There is no Greek word that can draw the basis of the Hebrew, in particular the context of Zechariah 3, into the New Testament.

So applied, the expression “The SATAN” always signifies:-

Apostate Religionists, Who Oppose the Truth of God

The Satan is identified in the NEW TESTAMENT with three main bodies of apostates:

  1. The Leaders of the Jews who opposed Christ – Matthew 12:26
  2. False brethren who oppose Christ’s true saints Revelation 2:9
  3. The Apostate Churches of Christendom, which oppose Christ’s true Ecclesia – Revelation 20:2


The second of these, especially, has a solemn warning for us: there have been in the past, brethren of Christ who have fallen so far into apostasy that they have been counted to be “The SATAN”, so can we! This calls for humility, reverence and care in study of the Scriptures, to ensure we do not follow in such footsteps.

Each New Testament instance of THE SATAN draws on the Old Testament precedents in Job 1 and 2 and Zechariah 3 to invest the expression THE SATAN with the meaning:

APOSTATE RELIGIONISTS, WHO OPPOSE THE-TRUTH OF GOD


The historical features of THE SATAN establish this:


FEATURES OF ‘THE SATAN’


JOB
CHAPTERS

ZECHARIAH CHAPTER
3

EZRA
CHAPTERS
4 to 6
FALSE WORSHIPPERS OF GOD
1:6-7
3:1
4:1-2
2 Kings 17:24
OPPONENTS OF GOD’S WORK
1:9-11
2:4-7
3:1
4:4-5
FALSE ACCUSERS OF GOD’S SERVANTS
1:11
3:1,2
4:6-16
VIOLENTLY STOP THE WORK OF THE TRUTH
1:11-22
2:7
3:1
4:17-24
BUT GOD REVIVES HIS WORK AND VINDICATES HIS SAINTS
42:10-16
42:7-9
3:2,7-8
3:4,9
5:1-5
6:1-12; 6:13-15


This historical origin of THE SATAN imported into the NEW TESTAMENT by quotation, designates the NEW TESTAMENT SATAN to be:

DEVOTEES OF FALSE RELIGION, WHO ARE ADVERSARIES OF THE TRUE.


Other Important Old Testament Passages

Numbers 22:22 – adversary = satan This angel is called Satan, but he is doing good for God as an adversary towards an evil man. (See v32 also “withstand”).

1 Kings 5:4 – no satan (adversary) at this time – i.e. no political opponent, plague, famine or sickness.

1 Kings 11:14,23,25 (all references to Satan) – political opponents who arose after Solomon turned to idolatry.

Outside of these normal type Hebrew occurrences there are special references, such as:-

A Brief Consideration of Some Difficult Passages

Isaiah 14:1-4 – the subject outlined, v6 a ruler of the nations, vv10-11 he is brought to the grave, v12 on is therefore quite clear. “A fall from heaven” – cp. ch.34:2-6 judgments on earthly nation called Edom (here the government of Idumea) i.e. a fall from government (cp. 14:5-6); vv13-14 a nation that set itself to rule Israel, vv15-16 a man brought low.

Ezekiel 28:2 “thou art a man not God”, v3 onwards generates great sarcasm, vv11-12 great exaggeration, v13 Tyre as a city was on the west coast of geographical Eden. All of Eden was fruitful, v14 the Cherub was a word used to describe the nation in whom God was manifest. The High Priest’s breastplate is referred to as the “stones of fire”. Tyre was a proselyte nation in the days of Solomon (Hiram). Cherub = a nation with whom God is prepared to dwell. V15 from the time of their embracing the Truth.
“Perfect” does not convey the idea that the English word does upright or unsullied. Both Isaiah 14 and Ezekiel 28 find themselves in the midst of historical chapters.

2 Corinthians 11:12-15 transforming themselves shows they are false – “for the Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light” a problem people have is because of the use of angel – a messenger of light – the Pharisees claimed to be proclaiming the truth of God’s word.

Demons Defined

What are they? The churches have developed a doctrine of demons that bears no resemblance either to the original pagan ideas or to the prevailing public view at the time of the Lord Jesus Christ.

“DEMONS” ARE OF GREEK ORIGIN (Liddell & Scott, pp 270-271).

Daimon
=
God, Goddess; specially, the gods as a power, the deity. Whereas theos = a particular god, in person.
Daimon
=
one’s demon or genius, i.e. attendant tutelary spirit allotted to each at birth, hence ‘fortune’.


DAIMON, in Hesiod OP.121 (800 BC) = souls of men of golden age*, acting as tutelary deities; connecting link between gods and man. So also of deified Darius (Aeschulus) (480 BC).

DAIMONION
=
the divine essence or power, the divinity in plural form = inferior race of divine beings, demons.


So Liddell & Scott clearly point out the pagan Greek view as to the origin of demons.

  •         The Golden Age in Greek mythology referred to the time when there were no ills or death, i.e. before Pandora opened the box given her by the gods. It is the pagan myth to explain death that came by Adam (Genesis 3). These demons (the souls of those who died in that golden age) became the connecting link between the gods and men – Olympus and men. Hence Aeschulus uses a demon to describe the deified Darius.


DAIMON is rarely, if ever, used in an evil sense in Classical Greek of early times, but by New Testament times this predominated.

Distinguish from DIABOLOS and DAIMON:-

the noun DAIMONION and the verb DAIMONIZOMAI.


DAIMONION means THE DIVINE ESSENCE or POWER. Like Daimon it is a Pagan Greek mythological idea, merely a product of superstition.

In Greek usage Daimonia were:-

  • An inferior race Of Divine beings, or demons (Plato, Xenophon)
  • The “Genius” or spirit that dwells within man (Socrates).


In Greek usage Daimonizomai meant:-

  • To appoint one’s fate (Philemon)
  • To be deified (Sophocles)


In Classical Greek the bad sense developed gradually.

Immortality of the Soul – It was an idea of Egypt and Babylon that the Greeks adopted. Consider 1 Corinthians 10:14, 19-22, context idolatry. In this passage idol and demon are parallel thoughts. V19 Is an idol real? No – but the Gentiles think that it is a real deity. Not to confuse word with DIABOLOS, not related to DAIMON. Use of DIABOLOS 34x devil, also liar, slander, e.g., see Titus 2:3, false accusers.

V20 of 1 Corinthians 10 is a quote from Deuteronomy 32:17, see vv 15-18. V17 devils Hebrew “shedim” = destroyers and is translated 300 B.C. in the Septuagint as “daimonion”, i.e. demons = false gods as opposed to Deos the true God.

As to what idols are, see Psalm 96:5; 106:37-38 (the demons of Canaan) & Psalm 115:3-8.

Therefore Acts 17:18 Paul charged with teaching about false demons (AV gods) because he teached Jesus (to them a male demon) and Anastasus (resurrection – to them a female demon).

V22 to Paul the Greeks were “very religious” (AV too superstitious) because v23 they believed in idols.

Wherever one goes in the NEW TESTAMENT the prevailing view was the Greek idea – not the Bible idea since nowhere in the OLD TESTAMENT is there any doctrine of demon possession.

Matthew 12:22 – clear evidence of the Greek idea among the Jews – “possessed with a devil” = Gk demonised V24 Beelzebub compare 2 Kings 1:2 – a Philistine view mingled now with Greek superstition. The god of Ekron was an idol associated with flies – the lord of the dung heap. The Pharisees therefore had imposed heathen superstition on their view of the OLD TESTAMENT Casting out sickness to them equalled casting out a demon. In their view Jesus was in cahoots with a heathen deity (v24).

V22 to Jesus it was healing; to them it was casting out demons (who in their mind were the gods of the heathen) Psalm 106:35-37 – idols of the nations are demons. Cp. Also Jeremiah 19:4-5 – Hebrew “bosheth” – shame substituted for pagan view of Molech “king”.

1 Timothy 4:1-3 – the Bible gives a special warning for our days that “doctrines of devils (demons)” constitutes a departure from the faith; i.e. to believe that demons are real is astray from the faith, cp. also Revelation 9:20.

What are the spirits of 1 Timothy 4? Spirits are doctrines or teachings and speak of false prophets as a convertible term, compare 1 John 4:1-2.

Matthew 8:16-17 establishes the modern medical view that “demon possessed” = “sick”.

Matthew 8:28-32 incident on Legion. V29 “to torment us” – classical view as put by Hesiod that while demons were without a body they could be in pain or torment; and so, according to classical theory, they would not want to be disembodied. But look at what happened – if they were really demons they would not cause the swine to be destroyed because according to popular views this would have caused them great pain. So Jesus shows but what happened that demons were not real.

Why the didn’t Jesus just say that to the men? The reason he made them sane first before straightening them out on doctrine. There is no point in reasoning with one who is “not in his right mind.”

Cp. Luke 8:26-31, 35 (abyss = “deep”) AV again elements of classical view in this parallel passage. But we notice Luke says that the man cured was restored to “his right mind”.

In Matthew 17:14-18 we have a boy with severe epilepsy. Jesus rebuked the “demon”. Does this mean that it was a real personal entity? No more the wind that he rebuked, Luke 8:24-25. Why? So that his authority may be known. V15 “Lunatick” = lit. struck by the moon, Gk. seleni metal selenium) for moon. Even in Jesus’ day they used lunacy as we do today as a figure of speech.

Hence, although in the New Testament one finds that Hellenistic views had influenced Judaism, in no way does the Bible support these pagan views, but simply it shows that they had affected the public and religious views.

So far as the Bible is concerned, Demons as idols are non-entities.


11.

Mark 3
AND Unclean spirits, when they saw him, fell down before him, and cried, saying Thou art the son of God.

  • Did the spirits fall down? No! the sick person fell down.
  • And believed this was the Son of God and he could be healed Isaiah 61:1; 35:5-6.
15.
Matthew 17
LORD, have mercy on my son: for he is lunatick, and sore vexed for oftentimes he falleth into the fire and oft into the water.
  • “MOONSTRUCK” still used today but not as a literal meaning, it simply refers “diseases” of the mind and senses.
  • Cp. Mark 9:14-27, Luke 9:37-49 EPILEPSY caused by brain disorder and not a demon or devil as it can be controlled by drugs.
18.
And Jesus rebuked the devil: and he departed out of him: and the child was cured from that very hour.
  • Other versions – rebuked HIM (i.e. the boy) and (he was cured).

Reincarnation: The Bible Denies it!


The Suppositions underlying belief in Reincarnation:

  1. Life is inherent in man and continues independent of the body after death
  2. Man’s personality survives death
  3. Man receives successive opportunities (by successive incarnations) to achieve perfection
  4. Resurrection is not essential as the only means bu which man may survive death
  5. The sacrifice of Christ was not necessary to secure life for man
  6. The sacrifice of Christ was not sufficient to bring man to perfection.


THE BIBLE DENIES EACH OF THESE ERRORS AND WARNS OF THE MORTALITY OF MAN, THE BREVITY OF LIFE AND BOTH THE NEED AND SUFFICENTLY OF CHRIST’S SACRIFICE AND RESURRECTION.

  • Man is mortal – Psalm 49:12, 19-20, his life brief and irrecoverable when lost – Isaiah 26:14; James 4:14; Psalm 103:14-16, his personality then non-existent – Ecclesiasties 9:4-6; Psalm 6:5; Isaiah 38:18; Psalm 146:3-4.
  • God gives but one lifetime to each of us – Psalm 78:39, and one death, and after this our judgment – Hebrews 9:27, meanwhile the dead in Christ “sleep” 1 Corinthians 15:51; 1 Thessalonians 4:14.
  • Resurrection is the only way to life for the dead – 1 Cortinthians 15:16-18; Isaiah 26:19; John 5:28-29.
  • Only by Cjrist’s sacrificial death can men regain life – John 3:16; Hebrews 10:12; Acts 4:12.
  • Christ’s death was sufficient to cleanse us from all sins – Titus 2:14; Romans 5:15-21; and to be the sole and sufficient sacrifice to perfect us for ever – Hebrews 7:24-25; 10:12,14.

The Atonement

This book explains the Christadelphian understanding of the atonement, focusing on how Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection demonstrate God’s righteousness while providing a way for human salvation. It teaches that Christ acted as a representative human who overcame sin and, through his sacrifice, opened the path for forgiveness and eternal life to those with faith. The emphasis is on God’s grace working through Christ, with salvation depending on belief in and response to the principles shown in his sacrifice.

Part of The Things Of The Kingdom And The Things Of The Name by Rick O’Connor.

Chapters

Man’s State in Death

What is your life?

Did God endow you with an “eternal spark” of life that cannot die? Only the Bible’s evidence can settle this question. Mankind’s speculation about the alleged “immortal soul” is baseless and worthless. It is merely ‘the wish, the father of the thought’.


What does the Bible say about your life?


  • It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanished away” (James 4:14)
  • “Man is like to vanity: his days are like a shadow that passeth away” (Psalm 144:4)
  • “For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust. As for man, his days are as grass: as a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone; and the place thereof shall know it no more (Psalm 103:14-16)
  • “Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, which am but dust and ashes” (Genesis. 18:27)


What is Man?

  • A living “soul” = a natural body (Genesis 2:7 cp. 1 Corinthians 15:42-49) “soul” = any breathing creation; Genesis 1:20,24; 2:19; 9:10; Numbers 31:28 in death as well as in life (Numbers 6:6,11; Numbers 9:6,7,10,13; 19:13).
  • Death attacks and destroys the man. (Ezekiel 18:4; Psalm 78:50; Psalm 89:48; 22:29; Ecclesiastes 3:18-21)
  • In death man is unconscious. (Psalm 146:2-4; 6:4-5; Isaiah 38:17-18; Ecclesiastes 9:3-6,10)
  • Without Christ the dead perish. (John 3:14-17; 1 Corinthians 15:18)


The Reality of Death

  • “As a hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants which never saw light” (Job 3:16)
  • “Oh that I had given up the spirit and no eye had seen me! I should have been as though I had not been; I should have been carried from the womb to the grave’ (Job 10:18-19)
  • “O spare me, that I may recover strength, before I go hence, and be no more” (Psalm 39:13)
  • “While I live will I praise the LORD: I will sing praises unto my God while I have any being” (Psalm 146:2)
  • “They are dead, they shall not live; they are deceased, they shall not rise: therefore hast thou visited and destroyed them, and made all their memory to perish” (Isaiah 26:14)


Immortality a Hope and a Promise

  1. Immortality brought to light by Christ through the gospel (2 Timothy 1:10)
  2. Immortality obtained through obedience (Romans 2:6-10)
  3. Immortality promised by God, but not yet possessed (1 John 2:25; Titus 1:2; James 1:12; 2 Timothy 1:1)
  4. Immortality our hope (Titus 1:2; 3:7)