Psalms 117

Psa 117:1

See Lesson, Psalms, “Hallelujah”.

NATIONS… PEOPLES: “Goyim” / “amim” = Gentiles and Jews. The only place in the 12 “Hallel” Psalms where the Gentiles are explicitly brought in to share in the praise of God, and — more than this — even to lead the praise. For other instances of Gentiles praising God, see Psa 57:9; 67:2,4; 72:11,17; 96:3,10; 98:2; 108:3; Isa 11:10; 42:1,6; 4;9:6; 60:3,5,11,16; 62:2; 66:19. This praise, from a variety of peoples, is echoed in Rev 7:9.

Psa 117:2

LOVE… FAITHFULNESS: “Mercy” and “truth” (AV): the covenants of promise (Psa 115:1).

Psalms 118

Psa 118:1

CONTEXT: Hezekiah.

Psa 118:4

THOSE WHO FEAR THE LORD: An expression used in Acts of Gentile believers (Act 10:2,22,35; 13:16; 16:38; 19:17; cp Rev 11:18; 19:5).

Psa 118:5

BY SETTING ME FREE: “In a large place” (AV): Psa 18:18,19. A roomy place, so pleasant to one who had been shut up because of his sickness. The temple court (vv 19,20).

Psa 118:6

The Assyrian threat against Jerusalem coincided with the king’s sickness (Isa 38:5,6).

Psa 118:8

TO TRUST IN MAN: The Assyrians and Hezekiah’s own counselors were alike “treacherous dealers” (Isa 21:2; 24:16; 33:1).

Psa 118:10

ALL THE NATIONS SURROUNDED ME: The Assyrians, like the Romans, boosted their military strength by enrolling mercenaries from other nations (Psa 47:3; 48:4; 76:12; 79:6; Isa 5:26,30; 29:7; 30:28; 34:1,2; Mic 4:11).

(NT) All nations = the Jew Caiaphas, the Roman Pilate, and the Edomite Herod (Psa 2:1,2; cp Luk 23:12; Act 4:25-28).

Psa 118:12

THEY SWARMED AROUND ME LIKE BEES: “The bee that is in the land of Assyria” (Isa 7:14; cp Deu 1:44). Or, by a small change, could read “they assaulted me with words.” Rabshakeh’s sustained propaganda (Psa 42:10; 44:13,14,16; 74:10; 102:8; 2Ki 19:4,16,22,23; Isa 37:4,17,23,24).

BURNING THORNS: Gathered as fuel in the ANE. Make a quick, hot fire. Thus, quick and sudden destruction (2Sa 23:6,7; Psa 58:9; Ecc 7:6,7; Isa 9:18; 10:17; Nah 1:10).

Psa 118:14

MY SONG: (NT) This most important part of the “Passover Hallel” was quite prob the final hymn sung by Jesus at the Last Supper (Mat 26:30).

Psa 118:15

SHOUTS OF JOY AND VICTORY: The Assyrians besieged Jerusalem at Passover (Isa 30:29,31; 31:5; 33:19,20; cp Isa 26:20,21 with Exo 12:22; and Isa 37:36 with Exo 12:23).

THE LORD’S RIGHT HAND HAS DONE MIGHTY THINGS: The angel of the Lord destroying the Assyrians (Isa 37:36).

RIGHT HAND: Strength (Exo 15:6; Psa 20:6; 63:8; 118:15,16); righteousness (Psa 48:10); authority (Isa 62:8); honor (Gen 48:13-18; 1Ki 2:19); salvation (Psa 17:7; 60:5); and fellowship (Psa 16:11).

Psa 118:17

I WILL NOT DIE BUT LIVE: The triumphant reversal of Isaiah’s words, in God’s message to Hezekiah: “Thou shalt die, and not live” (Isa 38:1).

This v was quoted by John Wycliffe to his enemies on his deathbed — words fulfilled, of course, in the continued success of the English Bible.

Psa 118:19

OPEN FOR ME THE GATES OF RIGHTEOUSNESS: The gates closed by Hezekiah’s unrighteous father (2Ch 29:3; Isa 38:22).

(NT) Hezekiah celebrated his recovery by a special thanksgiving in the house of the Lord. So also Jesus, on the day of his resurrection, ascended to his Father’s presence (Joh 20:17). This he did to show the tokens of his sacrifice (the wounds in his hands and feet and side), fulfilling the type of the High Priest going once yearly into the presence of God on the Day of Atonement, bearing the blood of sacrifice for the sins of the nation.

(Henry Sulley writes: “Ecclesiasticism makes a fearful travesty of this psalm in the ceremony of a bishop knocking with his jeweled crook at a cathedral door.”)

And in days to come Jerusalem will see “the gates of righteousness” opened so that a King of Righteousness, a King of Glory, may come in (Psa 110:4; 24:7,10; Isa 26:2).

Psa 118:22

(NT) This “stone” is specifically interpreted as the Messiah in Mat 21:42-44: “Jesus saith unto them, ‘Did ye never read the scriptures, “The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes”? Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof. And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder’ ” (cp Mar 12:10,11; Luk 20:17).

To his quotation of Psa 118 Jesus adds (in Mat 21:44) an allusion to the “stone of stumbling” of Isa 8:14,15 — equating both the rejected stone and the stone of stumbling to himself. Peter confirms this, and also joins Isa 8 together with the tried and precious cornerstone of Isa 28:16: “To whom [ie, to the Lord] coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed [ie, rejected: Psa 118:22] indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious, ye also, as lively [living] stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, ‘Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded’ [Isa 28:16]. Unto you therefore which believe he is precious {Isa 28:16]: but unto them which be disobedient, the stone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner [Psa 118:22], and a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence [Isa 8:14], even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient” (1Pe 2:4-8).

The repeated use by Jesus and the apostles (cp Paul in Rom 9:32,33 and Eph 2:20-22) of these Old Testament “stone” prophecies calls for special attention. Undoubtedly they saw the great altar-stone of Zion as emblematic of the sacrificial work of the Messiah.

The One who came to offer his life as the perfect sacrifice was rejected in that task by the would-be spiritual heads of Israel (Act 4:11); but it was through that very rejection, and only because of it, that Jesus was actually offered as the sacrifice for the sins of all men. And so the cross of Christ, while precious to some, became at the same time a source of confusion and offence, or stumbling, to others (1Co 1:18-29, especially v 23). But, like the original altar-stone, Christ too can never be moved or replaced (1Co 3:11). He is, and will be, the sure foundation of all the apostles and prophets, and in and around him the whole “building” of God’s holy temple has been, is being, and will be framed (Eph 2:20-22; cp Dan 2:34,35,44).

Psa 118:24

THIS IS THE DAY THE LORD HAS MADE: A Passover deliverance outstripping that in the time of Moses.

“Thank God for every new day. Make each one a fresh, thankful, enthusiastic new beginning. Yesterday’s follies, failures, fleshlinesses, weaknesses, time-wastings, are all gone with the night: analyzed, and self-searchingly and prayerfully — ever conscious of its own weakness and limitation and need” (GVG).

Psa 118:25

The Land was devastated, crops and herds destroyed by the invaders. yet within a few months, there was to be a great recovery to more than normal prosperity (Psa 67:6; 81:16; 85:12; 96:12; Isa 35:1,6,7; 41:18; 43:19; 44:23).

(NT) “Hosanna” = “save”, related to Jesus (Savior). These words were quoted by the people at the time of Christ’s triumphant entry into Jerusalem (Mat 21:9,15; Mar 11:9,10; Joh 12:13).

Psa 118:26

BLESSED IS HE WHO COMES IN THE NAME OF THE LORD: The priests in the temple throw open the gates for the king to enter in solemn procession, to offer a special sacrifice of thanksgiving.

(NT) By NT times, the “Coming One” had become a well-recognized title of Messiah (Mat 3:11; 11:3; 23:39; Luk 3:15,16; 13:35; 19:38; Joh 1:39; 6:14; 11:27; 12:13; Rev 1:7).

FROM THE HOUSE OF THE LORD WE BLESS YOU: The High Priest blessing of Num 6:23-27.

Psa 118:27

“Bind the sacrifice with cords, even unto the horns of the altar” (cp Psa 116:3; Gen 22:9). Or simply, “Bring the sacrifice, bound with cords, to…” The NIV — “join in the festal procession” — is related to “Palm Sunday” (Mat 21:8)?

Jesus used a scourge of small cords to cleanse the temple by driving out the animals and money-changers. It was this action which settled the fate of Jesus. Now he would be bound with cords and led away to crucifixion.

Psalms 119

See Lesson, Acrostics.

8 KEY WORDS: “Torah” (Law) (v 1..), “eduth” (statutes) (v 2..), “piqqudim” (precepts) (v 4..), “huqqim” (decrees) (v 5..), “mishvoth” (commands) (v 6..), “mishpatim” (judgments, or ordinances) (v 7..), “dabar” (word) (v 9..), and “imrah” (promise, or word) (v 11..).

HEZEKIAH IN PSALM 119: His reformation (30,60,104), sickness (17,23,76,83,84,92,143,149,153,175), recovery (45,54), the Assyrian invasion (22,23,42,95,121,141,161), ultimate triumph (46,62,119).

MESSIAH IN PSALM 119: trials (50,67,71,75,107,153), suffering contempt (22,39,42), ill-treatment (121,134), persecution (23,161), mocking, lying, etc (51,61,68,78,84,85,86,95,122,150,157), in peril for his life (87,109). Persecuted by faithless Israelites (53,21,139). Their indifference to the law aroused his burning indignation (53), his profound sorrow (136). Confronted by laxity and apostasy (113,126,158), and by evil example (29,37,115).

Psa 119:1

WALK: “Halachah”, the religious regime followed by a good Jew. Also in NT, “walk” sig “way of life” (1Co 7:17; 2Co 6:16; Rom 6:4).

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51,53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:2

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79, 88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

SEEK HIM WITH ALL THEIR HEART: The emphasis is not on the emotions but on the mind, will, intention, purpose. Seeking God now and then, or in half-hearted fashion, brings little or no blessing: cp Psa 27:8; Jer 24:7; 29:13.

Psa 119:3

One of 3 vv in Psa 119 lacking one of 8 key words. This v, however, does have “ways” (derek: cp v 37)!

THEY DO NOTHING WRONG: Here is more idealism. Or is the phrase to be read as meaning: ‘They practice no iniquity’, as in 1Jo 3:9; 5:18? Cp also Rom 6:14.

Psa 119:4

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45,56,63,69,78,87,93,94, 100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

THAT ARE TO BE FULLY OBEYED: God’s Law is sought, not merely for the purpose of knowing it, but esp for the purpose of keeping it.

Psa 119:5

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,15,171.

Here is (a) an open admission of the innate waywardness of human nature; and (b) an emotional longing to be a changed person — which can only come through divine direction (Phi 4:13).

Psa 119:6

THEN I WOULD NOT BE PUT TO SHAME: As anyone with alert conscience is bound to be (Gen 3:7).

WHEN I CONSIDER ALL YOUR COMMANDS: Literally, ‘when I look upon, or into’ them — as with a mirror (cp Jam 1:23).

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:7

Cp vv 106,160,164. The words plainly imply that the way to achieve uprightness of heart is through close attention to God’s righteous judgments. Contrast the futility of the “good resolution” method ever to achieve significant change for the better.

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:8

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155, 171.

DO NOT UTTERLY FORSAKE ME: That is, ‘but it will only be possible if you do not forsake me.’

Psa 119:9

HOW CAN A YOUNG MAN KEEP HIS WAY PURE? BY LIVING ACCORDING TO YOUR WORD: Cp Psa 19:12; 34:11; 2Co 7:1). One’s way of life and God’s Word should be put side by side, and examined together. How easy it is to do otherwise: to examine the Bible for a bit, quite theoretically, and then to put it entirely out of one’s mind while pondering the problems of how one should live in “the real world”! There is no young man who can afford to neglect this self-examination along with God’s Word. See Eph 5:26. Consider Hezekiah at the young age of 25 (2Ch 29:1,3). And consider the examples of young men like Joseph (Gen 39:9) and Daniel (Dan 1:8-20; 3:12-18).

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:10

I SEEK YOU WITH ALL MY HEART: “Love is life, and love of God is the highest and holiest and happiest form of life. But, because He is so great and high, and we are so small and low, love of God — to be anything — must be everything, or else it is nothing. Many have ‘love of God’ as a part-time hobby, a pleasant palliative on the shelf, with the iodine and aspirins, to use as needed. What the love of God demands is the whole heart, life, strength and mind — at all times and in all things. Anything less is a mockery — an indication that we are cruelly deceiving ourselves, and have not really made contact with God at all. If and when we truly do, the magnetism and attraction will be irresistible, and mere part-time service will be impossible and unthinkable” (GVG).

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:11

HIDDEN: Implying memorizing (v 13; cp Col 3:16)? Hiding not for concealment but for security (Mat 25:25; Psa 40:10; Luk 8:15).

WORD: “Imrah” (sometimes “promise”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:12

TEACH ME: Vv 26,33,64,68,108,124,135.

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:13

WITH MY LIPS I RECOUNT ALL THE LAWS: According to the great Shema of Deu 6:4-7: “Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord: and thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart: and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up” (cp Gen 18:19; Psa 37:30; Pro 10:21; 15:4).

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:14

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

AS ONE REJOICES IN GREAT RICHES: Kingdom of heaven like treasure hid in a field (Mat 13:44).

Psa 119:15

I MEDITATE ON YOUR PRECEPTS: “There are times when solitude is better than society, and silence is wiser than speech. We should be better Christians if we were more alone, waiting upon God, and gathering through meditation on His Word spiritual strength for labour in His service. We ought to muse upon the things of God, because we thus get the real nutriment out of them. Truth is something like the cluster of the vine: if we would have wine from it, we must bruise it; we must press and squeeze it many times. The bruiser’s feet must come down joyfully upon the bunches, or else the juice will not flow; and they must well tread the grapes, or else much of the precious liquid will be wasted. So we must, by meditation, tread the clusters of truth, if we would get the wine of consolation therefrom. Our bodies are not supported by merely taking food into the mouth, but the process which really supplies the muscle, and the nerve, and the sinew, and the bone, is the process of digestion. It is by digestion that the outward food becomes assimilated with the inner life. Our souls are not nourished merely by listening awhile to this, and then to that, and then to the other part of divine truth. Hearing, reading, marking, and learning, all require inwardly digesting to complete their usefulness, and the inward digesting of the truth lies for the most part in meditating upon it. Why is it that some Christians, although they hear many sermons, make but slow advances in the divine life? Because they neglect their closets, and do not thoughtfully meditate on God’s Word. They love the wheat, but they do not grind it; they would have the corn, but they will not go forth into the fields to gather it; the fruit hangs upon the tree, but they will not pluck it; the water flows at their feet, but they will not stoop to drink it” (CHS).

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:16

I DELIGHT IN YOUR DECREES: “Delight” in the Law of God comes in this psalm more than in all the rest of the Bible (vv 35, 47,70,77). Paul quotes this in Rom 7:22: “For I delight in the law of God after the inward man.”

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:17

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:18

OPEN MY EYES THAT I MAY SEE WONDERFUL THINGS IN YOUR LAW: A jewel of a verse. Cp Pro 25:2: “The honor of kings is to search out a matter.” The exquisite joy of a sudden insight into a Bible passage. Here, for “open”, LXX has “apokalypse”, uncover, unveil, as a verb. “Did not our heart burn within us?” (Luk 24:32).

WONDERFUL THINGS: “Marvels” (LXX). Nearly always ref to miracles.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:19

I AM A STRANGER ON EARTH: Or, better, a sojourner (cp Psa 39:12) in the “Land”. Like Abraham (Gen 17:8; 23:4; Heb 11:9,13; 13:4), and therefore in dire need of help. Therefore thy commandments are my best main support.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:20

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:21

WHO ARE CURSED: Is the reference to Deu 27:26 (“Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them”)?

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:22

REMOVE: Lit, “roll away”, as at Gilgal (Jos 5:9). But, a paradox: we must bear the reproach as did Christ (Heb 13:12,13; Mat 16:24; 24:9) if we are to have removed from us the reproach of sin!

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:23

THOUGH RULERS SIT TOGETHER AND SLANDER ME, YOUR SERVANT WILL MEDITATE ON YOUR DECREES: Cp Jesus before Caiaphas and Sanhedrin.

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:24

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:25

I AM LAID LOW IN THE DUST; PRESERVE MY LIFE ACCORDING TO YOUR WORD: “My soul cleaveth unto the dust (Psa 22:15; 44:25): quicken (cp. vv. 37, 40, 50, 88, 93, 107, 144, 149, 154, 156) thou me according to thy word” (AV). The best cure for personal misery is close application to the Word of God. With this verse (in the LXX) compare Acts 22:7: “And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?” The unusual Greek word for “dust” or “ground” used by Paul (edaphos) may recall Psa 119:25. Thus even as he fell to the dust at the vision of the Lord’s glory, his prayer was “Quicken me according to thy word”!

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:26

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:27

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:28

Another assurance about the power of God’s Word to cope with miseries of the soul. Consider vv 25,28 with reference to Gethsemane (Mat 26:37,38; Mark 14:33,34; Luke 22:44).

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:29

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:30

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:31

HOLD FAST: “Cleave to”. The idea behind “stuck” is that of a marriage (sw “cleave” in v 25; Gen 2:24; 1Ki 11:2). Loyalty to God’s law may bring derision from the ungodly (Jesus had to face this), but any present shame will finally evaporate in true satisfaction and glory.

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:32

RUN: The idiom of a prophet taking the Word of God to the people: 1Ki 18:46; 2Ch 16:9; Psa 147:15; Jer 23:21; Dan 12:4; Amo 8:12; Hab 2:2; Eze 1:14,18,20; Zec 4:10; Gal 2:2; 2Th 3:1.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

YOU HAVE SET MY HEART FREE: A heart released from bondage to sin and selfishness, so that it may “run” to carry a message of grace to those who are lost! “Enlarge” (KJV). Cp 2Co 6:11,13.

Psa 119:33

Vv 33-40: ‘Teach me, O LORD, the way of Thy statutes… Give me understanding… Make me to go in the path of Thy commandments… Incline my heart unto Thy testimonies… Turn away mine eyes from beholding vanity; and quicken Thou me in thy way… quicken me in Thy righteousness.’ In all of these phrases the author requests God to be actively involved in changing his life. The latter phrases in particular ask God to overrule hiss whole mindset — ‘Incline my heart’, ‘make me to go in the path of Thy commandments’, even ‘quicken me’ as though David needs a spark of life instilled in him.

It would be easy to read this as a plea for Holy Spirit guidance, and an argument against free will, if such was one’s intent.

These phrases taken alone provide a very unbalanced view of the whole psalm, however. More than any other, this psalm acknowledges the need of the believer to be influenced by God’s WORD.

The first requests are: ‘Teach me, O LORD, the way of Thy statutes… Give me understanding’. Whence then cometh wisdom? and where is the place of understanding? (Job 28:20,28). The clearest answer comes in Psalm 119 itself (vv 104,130): “Through Thy precepts I get understanding… The entrance of Thy words giveth light; it giveth understanding unto the simple.”

Not that God is unable to impart understanding by direct ‘mind manipulation’ (as with Solomon), but that the scripturally approved method of finding it is emphatically by giving God’s word entrance to one’s heart. This is the way in which God teaches David, gives him understanding, makes him go in the path of God’s commandments, inclines his heart to God’s testimonies, turns away his heart from beholding vanity, and quickens him in God’s way and in God’s righteousness.

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:34

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:35

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

FOR THERE I FIND DELIGHT: But if there is delight in God’s commandments, why should the psalmist need to be made to go in them? Here is acknowledgment of the truth of Rom 7:21-23: “I find then a law, that, when I would do good, evil is present with me. For I delight in the law of God after the inward man: but I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members.”

Even in the best of circumstances, and with the greatest faith, man is a creature that vacillates between two opinions, and he needs all the divine help he can get to stay in the right way. Vv 36,37 have the same kind of emphasis.

Psa 119:36

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

AND NOT TOWARD SELFISH GAIN: Cp v 72; Eze 33:31; Luke 12:15; 1Ti 6:10; Heb 13:5. Our Lord’s parables (Luke 12:16-21; 16:14,19), his teaching (Mat 6:25-31), his terms of discipleship (Mat 16:24; 19:27-29; Luke 14:33), and his own example of poverty and renunciation of this world’s comfort (Mat 8:20) all are directed against this destructive principle of covetousness.

Psa 119:37

One of 3 vv in Psa 119 lacking one of 8 key words. This v, however, does have “word” (= derek, way)!

WORTHLESS THINGS: “Vanities” (AV): that is, a lying vision, a mirage perhaps — or an idol (which is, after all, nothing!). The word implies all that is trivial, hollow, or worthless. Paul links covetousness (cp v 36 here ) together with idolatry in Col 3:5. Anyone or anything to which a man attributes great worth (worth-ship, or worship!) becomes a “god”, or an idol.

“There are divers kinds of vanity. The cap and bells of the fool, the mirth of the world, the dance, the lyre, and the cup of the dissolute, all these men know to be vanities; they wear upon their forefront their proper name and title. Far more treacherous are those equally vain things, the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches. A man may follow vanity as truly in the counting-house as in the theatre. If he be spending his life in amassing wealth, he passes his days in a vain show. Unless we follow Christ, and make our God the great object of life, we only differ in appearance from the most frivolous” (CHS).

Psa 119:38

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

SO THAT YOU MAY BE FEARED: 111:10; Job 28:28; Pro 1:7; 9:10; 15:33; Ecc 12:13.

Psa 119:39

TAKE AWAY THE DISGRACE I DREAD: “Disgrace” normally means the sneers of others against the righteous. Against such disgrace God’s just judgment will provide vindication. The word for “dread” is an unusually strong one (sw Deu 9:19; 28:60).

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:40

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:41

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:42

THEN I WILL ANSWER: “So shall I have a word (dabar) to answer…” The taunts of Rabshakeh promised the utter overthrow of Judea and Jerusalem, but this noble psalmist put his trust in the promises of God (2Ch 32:6-8; 2Ki 18:36).

I TRUST IN YOUR WORD: “Dabar” again: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg, as above), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101, 105,107,114,122 (textual emendation),130,139, 147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:43

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:44

ALWAYS: Or “continually”, suggesting the daily sacrifice (as in vv 109,117).

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174. An allusion to God’s abiding covenant with the house of David?

FOR EVER AND EVER: A firm conviction of everlasting life in that Davidic kingdom.

Psa 119:45

IN FREEDOM: Hezekiah was no longer shut up because of his leprosy (2Ch 26:21), and no longer shut up because of the Assyrian siege. Also see 2Co 3:17: “Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty” (cp Jam 1:25).

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:46

I WILL SPEAK… BEFORE KINGS: Cp 2Ch 32:23: the Gentile kings giving glory to the God of Israel and to Hezekiah because of the miraculous overthrow of the hated Assyrian. “Liberty” in walking (v 45) will give confidence in speaking (v 46) (cp v 32). Note the amazing difference in the apostles (esp Peter) before (Mat 26:56,69,75) and after the resurrection (Act 2; 3; 4; 5), which set them free.

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:47

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:48

I LIFT UP MY HANDS: In an act of praise. Or (an ellipsis) “I will lift up my hands, praying for power to keep your commands.” Or even: “I will lift up my hands toward Your holy place, where You keep Your commands.” Uplifted hands in prayer: Exo 9:29,33; 2Ch 6:12; Ezr 9:5; Job 11:13; Psa 28:2; 44:20; 68:31; 88:9; 134:2; 141:2; 143:6; Isa 1:15. Praying toward the Most Holy: Dan 6:10; 1Ki 8:44,48; 2Ch 6:34; Psa 5:7; 138:2; Jon 2:4.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:49

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114,122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

HOPE: Often has the specialized meaning “to hope for children”: Rth 1:12,13; Jer 31:17; Rom 4:18; 1Pe 1:3. Hezekiah’s great wish, that the Messianic line might be continued through him.

Psa 119:50

SUFFERING: Hezekiah’s great illness.

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:51

THE ARROGANT: Rabshakeh and Sennacherib (2Ch 32:10-20; cp Psa 42:3).

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:52

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation),137,149,156, 160,164,175.

I FIND COMFORT IN THEM: “For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope” (Rom 15:4).

Psa 119:53

THE WICKED, WHO HAVE FORSAKEN YOUR LAW: One of the main problems of Hezekiah’s reign was the faithless policy of the irreligious princes, who ran the country while their king was ill.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51,53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:54

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

WHEREVER I LODGE: “In the house of my pilgrimage” (AV), ie this transient earthly “tabernacle” (2Co 5:1,4). In the most profound sense, those who worship God while in mortal bodies are singing the Lord’s song “in a strange land” (Psa 137:4). But one day they will sing “a new song”, which no man (in the flesh) can learn (Rev 14:3).

Psa 119:55

IN THE NIGHT: When problems always seem their worst; then esp is the time to remember the Memorial Name.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51,53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:56

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:57

YOU ARE MY PORTION: The words of a priest: Psa 16:5,6; 73:26; Num 18:20; Deu 10:8,9; 18:1. But Hezekiah, like David and Solomon, did make priestly intercession for his people (2Ch 30:18).

WORDS: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:58

Hezekiah’s great prayer of Isa 38.

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154,158,162,170,172.

FACE (of God): In Psalms, always ref God’s presence in ark/tabernacle/temple: see VL, Psalms, God’s face.

Psa 119:59

Hezekiah’s early decision to live a godly life.

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:60

I WILL HASTEN AND NOT DELAY: Gen 19:16,17; 22; Luk 19:5,6; Gal 1:15,16; 2Co 6:2. If something is really worth doing, it is worth doing without delay.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:61

THE WICKED BIND ME WITH ROPES: The constricting and confining siege of Jerusalem by the marauding Assyrians.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:62

In general, cp Paul and Silas (Act 16:24,25).

MIDNIGHT: Time of Passover deliverance: Isa 37:36.

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102,106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation),137,149,156,160,164,175.

“There are many reasons we cannot sleep at night — maybe it is medical, maybe our children keep us awake or we are awakened by noises, the weather or unquiet thoughts. And some of us have more sleepless nights than others. But the question is, where do we go when our sleep goes from us? Where do our thoughts go? What do we think about? What do we say to ourselves or to someone else?

“The psalmist may have had a problem with sleepless nights but through this psalm we know exactly where his thoughts were as he lay awake. He said, ‘At midnight I rise to give you thanks.’ What better use could we give to an overactive mind (or a mind that is forced to be active), than to think of all the wonderful things that God has done for us and then to give thanks and to praise Him for what He has done? There have been times when I have been awakened during the night and have lain in bed feeling sorry for myself, counting all the things that were going against me (and often what was going to go against me). But a much better use of my time would have been to count my blessings because there are so many more to count, and then to give praise to my maker for all He has done for me.

“So next time we are sleepless, let’s count our blessings (not sheep) and give thanks to our shepherd, our creator, for what He has done” (RP).

Psa 119:63

I AM A FRIEND TO ALL WHO FEAR YOU: Allusion to the faithful remnant which centered round the king and the prophet (eg, Isa 8:11-20). For the idea, see Psa 1:1 and Mal 3:16,17.

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:64

THE EARTH IS FILLED WITH YOUR LOVE, O LORD: Psa 24:1; 33:5; 104:24; Isa 6:3; Hab 2:14; 3:3. “The statutes of one who fills the world with goodness must be good” (WK).

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:65

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114,122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:66

FOR I BELIEVE: Unless a man believes, the Bible is useless to him (Joh 7:17; 1Th 2:13). But when he really believes he becomes consumed with an eagerness for divine knowledge, and he begins to partake of the special power of Holy Scripture that brings salvation (Rom 1:16,17).

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:67

BEFORE I WAS AFFLICTED I WENT ASTRAY: Waywardness in early days? Hezekiah’s regency, when somewhat under his corrupt father’s influence. Then was it the writing of a copy of the Law (Deu 17:18-20) which brought about a dramatic change at the very beginning of Hezekiah’s reign?

WORD: “Imrah” (sometimes “promise”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:68

YOU ARE GOOD, AND WHAT YOU DO IS GOOD: Cp Exo 34:6,7. It is characteristic of this psalm that, the higher the conception of the Divine Nature, the more earnest becomes the prayer for knowledge of His will in relation to conduct.

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:69

THE ARROGANT HAVE SMEARED ME WITH LIES: Cp the modern equivalent of political “mud-slinging”. Either false Assyrian propaganda (Isa 36:14-18), or an undermining of the king’s authority and a perversion of his policies by the princes (men like Shebna) who took over the direction of affairs during the king’s sickness. False AssyrIan propaganda (Isa 36:14-18) or an undermining of Hezekiah’s authority when he lay sick.

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:70

AV: “Their heart is fat as grease”: The great evil of material prosperity: Psa 17:10; 73:7; Isa 6:10. Cp Eglon: Jdg 3.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:71

IT WAS GOOD FOR ME TO BE AFFLICTED: “There are many keen joys discovered in the midst of affliction never dreamed of in the stupefying atmosphere of prosperity and ease. This is of God, who hath given even to affliction its compensating sweetness. In affliction the shell of thoughtless shallowness is broken through and heart speaks to heart in intimate and comforting communion. All the little meaningless things fade into their true insignificance, and the real and true things stand out in large and clear perspective” (GVG).

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:72

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

MORE PRECIOUS THAN… SILVER AND GOLD: Psa 19:10; Pro 3:13-15; 8:10,11,19; Mat 13:45

Psa 119:73

YOUR HANDS HAVE MADE ME AND FORMED ME; GIVE ME UNDERSTANDING TO LEARN YOUR COMMANDS: Mat 7:7; Jam 1:5. See Psa 139; Gen 1:26. This verse pleads: ‘Lord, finish the job. Give me understanding of Your ways also.’ We are all, even at secondhand, subjects of the original creation; we hope to be subjects of the “New Creation” — so that God’s original intention for man and the earth may be completed and realized in us.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:74

MAY THOSE WHO FEAR YOU REJOICE WHEN THEY SEE ME: Hezekiah, restored from sickness, became immed the renewed focus of hope for the faithful remnant of the nation.

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:75

IN FAITHFULNESS YOU HAVE AFFLICTED ME: “Faithful are the wounds of a friend” (Pro 27:6). Despise not the chastening of the Lord (Heb 12:5; Pro 3:11,12).

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:76

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154,158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:77

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:78

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:79

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:80

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:81

MY SOUL FAINTS WITH LONGING FOR YOUR SALVATION: Lit, ‘comes to an end’, ‘perishes’.

SALVATION: Gen 49:18; 2Sa 23:5).

BUT I HAVE PUT MY HOPE IN YOUR WORD: Low-spirited perhaps, but with Bible in hand hope is never abandoned: Psa 73:26; 84:2,5.

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation), 130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:82

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:83

A WINESKIN IN THE SMOKE: This refers to a dried, cracked wineskin, blackened with the smoke of affliction and suffering: “Their skin has shriveled on their bones; it has become as dry as a stick” (Lam 4:8). Skins filled with wine were hung at the tops of tents, where it was smoky and hot, so that the wine might mature. This is a beautiful allegory: while the skin (the outward man) ages and grows less useful and more brittle and unsightly, the wine inside (the inner man!) matures and develops perfection of character. In Christ’s parable, constructed along similar lines, the skin symbolizes the “outer man” of the believer, which is but the receptacle for the “wine” of the teaching and spirit of God: “Neither do men pour new wine into old wineskins. If they do, the skins will burst, the wine will run out and the wineskins will be ruined. No, they pour new wine into new wineskins, and both are preserved” (Mat 9:17).

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:84

HOW LONG MUST YOUR SERVANT WAIT?: “Few and evil…” (Gen 47:9; cp Psa 89:46-48).

PUNISH: “Execute judgment” in AV: “Judgment” = Heb “mishpatim”, otherwise translated “laws” in NIV. 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102,106,108,120, 121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

WHEN WILL YOU PUNISH MY PERSECUTORS?: The brevity of human life — any human life, but perhaps especially Hezekiah’s — is used as a plea for early help. ‘Are my days so many as to allow delay? May I live long enough to see Your justice done!’ (cp Psa 89:49-51; and esp Isa 38:10-14).

Psa 119:85

PITFALLS: Cp Psa 7:15; 9:15.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:86

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:87

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:88

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:89

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

FIRM IN THE HEAVENS: The unalterable law of the heavens presents a picture of God’s unfailing promises: Psa 89:2,29,36; Jer 31:35,37.

Psa 119:90

One of 3 vv in Psa 119 lacking one of 8 key words. This v, however, does have “faithfulness” (emuwnah)!

YOU ESTABLISHED THE EARTH, AND IT ENDURES: Ecc 1:4; Psa 37:29; 104:5; Pro 10:30; 11:31; Mat 5:5; Rom 4:13; and many more!

Psa 119:91

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Link this verse with vv 89,90. “From the ministering of the archangel to the labour of the insect, from the poising of the planets to the gravitation of a grain of dust, the power and glory of all creatures and of all matter consists in their obedience, not in their freedom” (Ruskin).

Psa 119:92

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

I WOULD HAVE PERISHED IN MY AFFLICTION: Affliction is a killer. Delight in God’s Law is the only effective antidote. Cp Paul’s “If Christ be not raised, your faith is vain; ye are yet in your sins. Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished” (1Co 15:17,18).

Psa 119:93

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

I WILL NEVER FORGET… YOU HAVE PRESERVED MY LIFE: Does a man ever forget the one who saved his life?

Psa 119:94

I AM YOURS: Those who belong to Christ (1Co 3:23; Eph 2:10), who have been purchased with his blood (Act 20:28; 1Co 6:19,20), can expect that he will not lightly forfeit his “investment”. If they have truly sought for him, so they know he will seek for them when they are in danger and save them — time and time again (Isa 43:1; 44:21,22; Joh 6:38,39; 17:12).

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:95

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:96

TO ALL PERFECTION I SEE A LIMIT: That is, of all HUMAN perfection: Rom 3:19. “Vanity and vexation… Then I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought, and on the labour that I had laboured to do: and, behold, all was vanity and vexation of spirit, and there was no profit under the sun. And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and madness, and folly: for what can the man do that cometh after the king? even that which hath been already done” (Ecc 2:10,11).

BUT YOUR COMMANDS ARE BOUNDLESS: “We can only have the highest happiness by having wide thoughts and much feeling for the rest of the world” (Eliot).

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:97

We love the Law because it is God’s Law, and it lives because He lives! God’s Law leads us to Him, reveals Him to us, draws us to Him, binds us to Him, and teaches us how to dwell in peace within the circle of His love and holiness.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:98

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

THEY: “Your commands”, not “my enemies”!

Psa 119:99

Vv 99,100: The assertions here would be outrageously egotistical if they were not plain truth. And the reasons are given: “More than my teachers… more than the ancients (aged: RSV; cp Job 32:7)” should be true for all dedicated students of the Word today. There is no excuse for a bright young apprentice to the Scripture not knowing by the time he is twenty or twenty-five the best that his teachers of earlier generations have bequeathed to him.

How outstandingly true these verses were concerning Jesus: “And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers” (Luke 2:47). “And the Jews marveled, saying, ‘How knoweth this man letters, having never learned?’ ” (John 7:15). “The officers answered, ‘Never man spake like this man’ ” (v. 46).

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:100

MORE UNDERSTANDING THAN THE ELDERS: Jesus at 12 in the Temple (Luk 2:40-52).

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:101

I HAVE KEPT MY FEET FROM EVERY EVIL PATH: So there is a place in the life of the dedicated believer for negative rules — not “Thou shalt not”, but “I will not” — in order to make room for fuller spiritual development. The best rules are not the ones forced upon us, but the ones which we make (wisely and prudently, guided by the Bible, of course) for ourselves!

Without a firm intention, nothing good was ever accomplished. “Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good” (Rom 12:9).

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:102

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation),137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:103

WORDS: “Imrah” (sometimes “promise”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

SWEETER THAN HONEY: Honey sym wisdom (Rev 10:9-11; Exo 16:31; Deu 32:13; 1Sa 14:27,28; Psa 19:10; 81:16; Pro 24:13; Eze 3:3; Luk 24:42).

Psa 119:104

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

HATE: A proper place for hating: cp v 113; Psa 101:3; 139:21,22; Rev 2:6.

Psa 119:105

“Is it not the essential condition of even human friendship that enlightenment should be a thing of normal habit? But enlightenment is not native: darkness is. Enlightenment to be attained or retained must be kindled by external appliance, and there must be renewal. Light the lamp and leave it, and it will become dark again. It is so on all subjects, especially the knowledge of God, for which the mind has the least affinity. Dress the lamps every morning. Read the Bible every day. This will keep you supplied with oil that will cause light. ‘Thy word is light’: it is the light. ‘Thy word is truth’: it is the truth. Any other truth is darkness for the highest purpose of life, as all men will feel when suddenly confronted with the glory of God at the coming of Christ. Knowledge of mines: knowledge of metals: knowledge of countries: knowledge of languages or of physical elements — is all very well in its place: it is the knowledge of God and His ways and His intentions and His will that constitutes the true light of life” (LM 192).

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

LIGHT: May sig “dawn”, or “morning light”: cp Christ’s parables: Mat 5:15,16; Mar 4:21-25; Luk 8:16; 11:33.

Psa 119:106

I HAVE TAKEN AN OATH AND CONFIRMED IT: These redundant words recognize the weakness of human nature and the strong spirit of dedication that is needed if any positive ambitions are to be carried out. God’s help is always available to earnest seekers, but personal resolution is needed too. It may not be expressed in Scriptural terms, but the thought certainly is Scriptural: ‘God helps those who (try to?) help themselves!’

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:107

I HAVE SUFFERED MUCH: And surely the One who is Himself afflicted in all our afflictions (Isa. 63:9) will hear and answer such a prayer.

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation), 130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:108

WILLING PRAISE OF MY MOUTH: The word is “freewill offerings”: Hos 14:2; Heb 13:15,16.

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:109

Or, “my life is continually in YOUR hands” (cp LXX).

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:110

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:111

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

HERITAGE: ‘And thus I need no other inheritance — lands, property, silver or gold.’ If God is our heritage, then all other things are ours too (1Co 3:21-23; 2Co 6:10; Mat 19:29; Mar 10:29,30).

Psa 119:112

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

TO THE VERY END: The last phrase is very emphatic. It proclaims a life-long loyalty to truth and godliness. Compare v 33.

Psa 119:113

I HATE DOUBLE-MINDED MEN: The KJV has “vain thoughts”. All thoughts which the mind naturally inclines to are trivial, unwholesome, and even debasing. The RSV and NIV personalize the verse, thus: “double-minded men” (cp Jam 1:8). The word is akin to that used by Elijah of the foolish people who halted, or hobbled, or hopped back and forth between two opinions (1Ki 18:21). Moffatt put it this way: “the men who are half and half”. How the psalmist hates such men! How Christ does also (Rev 3:15,16)! But how they (ie, the psalmist and Christ) love God’s law!

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:114

REFUGE: That is, from storms (Isa 32:2).

SHIELD: That is, from enemies (Gen 15:1; Psa 3:3; 5:12; Eph 6:16).

I HAVE PUT MY HOPE IN YOUR WORD: Not only does he take refuge in Yahweh Himself, but also he trusts in His word. There is no incongruity here. It is precisely because God Himself is unchangeable, and always faithful, that His word is equally to be trusted. The two loyalties — to God personally and to what He has written — are never in conflict; they should always run parallel. The man who seems to love either one while paying no real regard to the other (and either of the two possibilities does happen!) is a sad contradiction.

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation), 130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:115

THAT I MAY KEEP THE COMMANDS: Cited Rev 14:12.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:116

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

DO NOT LET MY HOPES BE DASHED: AV has: “Let me not be ashamed of my hope.” Is this referred to in Rom 5:5: “And hope maketh not ashamed”?

Psa 119:117

UPHOLD ME: “My soul followeth hard after thee: thy right hand upholdeth me” (Psa 63:8). “Who is this that cometh up from the wilderness, LEANING upon her beloved?” (Song 8:5).

UPHOLD ME, AND I WILL BE DELIVERED: “We must develop an intimate relationship with God, so that we turn instinctively and immediately to Him in every problem, every care, every sorrow, every joy — yea, in every daily decision in life — with full assurance, as a small child to a parent” (GVG).

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:118

YOU REJECT: Or “tread down” (AV). For God’s enemies being trodden underfoot, see Josh 10:24; Psa 8:6; 110:1.)

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

THEIR DECEITFULNESS IS IN VAIN: Or “false”. But is not all deceit falsehood? Perhaps this is esp false in the sense of denying or flouting God’s Law.

Psa 119:119

DROSS: The worthless residue from the refining of metal (Jer 6:28-30; Eze 22:18-20).

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59, 79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168. In ct to first part of v, God’s statutes are the true “gold” (Psa 12:6; 19:8; Pro 30:5)!

Psa 119:120

MY FLESH TREMBLES IN FEAR OF YOU: “Flesh” can be read here both literally (the meaning of which is easy) and figuratively (with reference to the baser side of human nature). “Trembleth” is an extraordinarily powerful word: other versions have “bristles” (hair standing on end!), “shudders”, and “creeps”.

I STAND IN AWE OF YOUR LAWS: Not a fear of God’s retribution against the wicked or of the great Day of Judgment, but rather a trembling before the sheer idealism and purity of God’s Law.

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:121

A sharp contrast between Hezekiah’s conscientious rule of his people, and the brutal oppression threatened by the Assyrian invasion.

RIGHTEOUS: Reltd “mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84, 91,102,106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:122

ENSURE: One of the two verses (see also v 132) which appear to lack any reference to God’s Law or Word. But it requires only a very slight change in the Heb text (an error which is paralleled in quite a few places), in order to read “Be surety for thy servant (abad) for good” as “Undertake [for me; s Isa. 38:14] by thy word (dabar) for good”. “To be surety… for good” means to guarantee the safety of another (see Gen 43:9; 44:32; Job 17:3).

“Dabar” occurs 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation), 130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:123

Here is a picture of a man deprived of godly instruction and without a sense of safety. Hezekiah’s sickness and the Assyrian threat came together: Isa 38:5,6.

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:124

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:125

I AM YOUR SERVANT: Thus I can demand nothing, but I CAN beg!

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:126

IT IS TIME FOR YOU TO ACT: This must have been appropriate to quote throughout all the decadent ages of mankind, but how much more so today! Another form of the reiterated plea: ‘How long, O Lord?’ How important it is that prayers for the coming of God’s Kingdom should be motivated by an eagerness to see His authority and righteousness openly asserted. How often is the motive different from this: eg, a change to an era of personal comfort or exaltation — ‘MY kingdom come’!

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:127

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:128

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:129

WONDERFUL: Sw Deu 30:11 (“hidden”). God’s testimonies are deeper by far than any man can fathom — though we are expected continually to make the effort (Pro 25:2).

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:130

UNFOLDING: “Pethach”, the opening of a door. As a beam of light from an opened door illuminates a dark chamber, so God’s word, once admitted to a natural mind, enlightens every corner (Luk 24:32; Act 17:3).

WORDS: “Dabar”, which occurs 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17, 25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg),43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101, 105,107,114,122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160, 161,169.

Psa 119:131

I OPEN MY MOUTH AND PANT: “Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled” (Mat 5:6).

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:132

AS YOU ALWAYS DO: Lit, “as in your judgments (mishpatim) upon…” “Mishpatim” occurs 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102,106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:133

ACCORDING TO YOUR WORD: If iniquity is not to have dominion, God’s word must be the means of release from that bondage. Any appeal to or expectation of “God’s Spirit” to guide man in some vague, ethereal way — without recourse to the written word — will never yield the desired results. Undoubtedly God’s Holy Spirit does work even today in the lives of believers, but it simply does not work in any way in the lives of those who disregard God’s Spirit-Word.

WORD: “Imrah” (sometimes “promise”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:134

THAT I MAY OBEY YOUR PRECEPTS: Here devotion to God’s precepts is the grateful response to deliverance from evil men.

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:135

FACE (of God): In Psalms, always ref God’s presence in ark/tabernacle/temple: see VL, Psalms, God’s face.

MAKE YOUR FACE SHINE: This is the Day of Atonement blessing (Num 6:23-27). Here is God’s gift of forgiveness leading on naturally to an eagerness to show a worthy response to His grace.

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26,33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:136

KJV has: “Rivers of water run down mine eyes, because they keep not thy law” (cp Lam 3:48). Here “they” may mean (a) ‘mine eyes’, or (b) other people (cp v 158). The former expresses deep penitence for personal inadequacy. The latter laments the flouting of God’s Law by worldly men, in like manner as Eze 9:4: “the men that sigh and cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof”.

The tears of Jesus: Psa 6:6; 39:12; 42:3; 56:8; 69:10; 116:8; Joh 11:35,36; Heb 5:7; Luk 19:41; 22:41-44.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51,53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:137

Quoted in Rev 16:7; 19:2.

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102,106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:138

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

FULLY TRUSTWORTHY: “Dependable”, as related to God’s promises. There are readily traceable, for example, in God’s testimonies, the Ten Commandments (Exo 20:6,11,12).

Psa 119:139

MY ZEAL WEARS ME OUT: “My zeal hath consumed me” (Psa 69:9; John 2:17).

FOR MY ENEMIES IGNORE YOUR WORDS: These men have known God’s instruction and have chosen to ignore it. The writer’s indignation blazes esp against such, who — having known the Truth of God — turn away from it.

WORDS: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114,122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:140

PROMISES: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

THOROUGHLY TESTED: Or refined: 12:6; 19:7,8; Pro 30:5.

AND YOUR SERVANT LOVES THEM: Though he may be faulty in performance, the psalmist is a connoisseur in his high appreciation of Scripture’s fine moral tone (cp Mat 13:45,46).

Psa 119:141

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45,56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:142

YOUR RIGHTEOUSNESS IS EVERLASTING AND YOUR LAW IS TRUE: Even when God’s ways are mysterious and difficult, there must be this conviction that there is never a flaw in His working. Contrast the glib modern complaint: ‘If there is a God, why does he allow such calamities to happen?’ See vv 143,144: ‘Even though I partake of trouble and anguish, help me, O Lord, to understand Your righteousness and Your will! And if I cannot really understand, then give me faith to accept Your will nevertheless.’

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51,53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:143

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98,115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:144

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:145

How can a man keep God’s statutes except there be this almost desperate eagerness (v 146)?

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:146

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:147

I RISE BEFORE DAWN: Bible study and prayer even before the sun rises.

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:148

MY EYES STAY OPEN THROUGH THE WATCHES OF THE NIGHT: Or, as AV: “Mine eyes prevent [meaning ‘precede’] the night watches, that I might meditate in thy word.” Bible reading again before night comes on, so that in the night there is something good to meditate on and talk about.

THE WATCHES OF THE NIGHT: The Hebrews divided the night into three “watches”: generally speaking, the first, or beginning, watch (Lam 2:19) was from sunset to approx 10 pm; the second, or middle, watch (Jdg 7:19) from 10 pm to 2 am; and the third, or morning, watch (Exo 14:24; 1Sa 11:11) from 2 am to sunrise. See also Psa 63:6. (The later, Roman, method consisted of four watches: Mat 14:25; 24:43; Mar 6:48; 13:35; Luk 12:38.)

PROMISES: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:149

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:150

THOSE WHO DEVISE WICKED SCHEMES: The siege of the Assyrians? Or faithless counselors?

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51,53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:151

YET YOU ARE NEAR, O LORD: This verse answers v 150 thus: ‘God is more near than they, and the truth of His promises will soon be evident.’ So the threat of v 150 is not ignored nor even minimized; but it is put in perspective by the greater fact.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:152

LONG AGO I LEARNED: “I have known of old” (AV), ie, from a pondering of the Bible record of God’s ways in times past.

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:153

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51,53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:154

REDEEM: “Gaal” impl the LORD is a near-kinsman. This word ga’al naturally points our minds to the man who, whilst a “near-kinsman” of God Himself, is also –how marvelous! — our “near-kinsman” too!

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:155

SALVATION IS FAR FROM THE WICKED, FOR THEY DO NOT SEEK OUT YOUR DECREES: Apparently implying that if a man is to find salvation he must seek God’s statutes.

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:156

YOUR COMPASSION IS GREAT, O LORD: Psa 25:6; 40:11; 51:1; 69:16; 79:8; 103:4; 145:9; Luk 1:78; Jam 5:11.

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:157

MANY ARE THE FOES WHO PERSECUTE ME: “A righteous man may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all” (Psa 34:19).

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:158

The incapacitated Hezekiah is aware of his princes using the palace for their godless cabinet meetings, but is helpless (eg Isa 30:1-3; 31:1-3).

WORD: “Imrah” (sometimes “promise”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:159

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:160

WORDS: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

ALL YOUR RIGHTEOUS LAWS ARE ETERNAL: “Man can make beautiful things: but his productions fail to satisfy as Nature satisfies: their beauty is petty, limited and superficial. Nature’s beauty is thorough and inimitable, whether it be the structure of a flake of snow, the organisation of a plant or meanest insect under the microscope, or the stupendous revolutions of the starry firmament. Nature and the Bible both bear the impress of Divinity. There is one great plan, and on the basis of that plan, infinite diversity of beautiful detail. There is a unity in all parts of the Bible, and yet a certain diversity which maintains the interest of the persevering reader ever fresh and fair” (SC 69).

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:161

MY HEART TREMBLES AT YOUR WORD: The last phrase implies: ‘I am in awe of God, not of them, my enemies.’

WORD: “abar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114,122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:162

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:163

I HATE AND ABHOR FALSEHOOD: Hezekiah the honest and faithful encountered much treacherous dealing (Isa 30:1-7; 31:1-3; 33:1).

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:164

SEVEN TIMES: Cp Daniel’s 3 times (6:10). Also see 1Ti 5:5; Luk 2:37.

I PRAISE YOU: “Let us strive each new day to offer to God a perfect day: perfect in useful, godly activity, perfect in manifested character, perfect in thought and word, perfect in total remembrance and continuous consciousness of God, and of our glorious, joyful relationship to Him. We shall, of course, fail to some degree, but we shall have the happiness that we had tried. And there will still be other days to come: days to try harder, days to use the knowledge and wisdom we have learned from our previous efforts and failures. Each day is a fresh new beginning — a fresh new adventure in climbing the hill of godliness: ever upward toward perfect communion, perfect peace, perfect oneness with Him who is perfect love and eternal perfection. This is the beauty and the glory of the godly life” (GVG).

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments” or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:165

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51, 53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

GREAT PEACE HAVE THEY WHO LOVE YOUR LAW: “Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid” (Joh 14:27). “I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world” (Joh 16:33).

NOTHING CAN MAKE THEM STUMBLE: “Offend them” (KJV) should read ’cause them to stumble’ (cp “the stone of stumbling”: Isa 8:14,15; Psa 118:22). If a man’s faith is true, it supports him through all circumstances of strain or distress. Yet how often it happens that when times are rough, the first casualty is the steady observance of religious duties: perhaps mid-week classes are let go, and then some Sundays slide by without the Lord being remembered in the appointed manner. This is not a collapse of faith, but a revealing of non-faith: “He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is none occasion of stumbling in him” (1Jo 2:10).

“Be big enough never to be offended. It is the petty mind that takes offense. Be big enough to make allowances, to understand, to sympathize. If we are ‘touchy’, we have no solid, reserve power for good: things are fine, and we can do wonders, as long as our back is scratched, but we haven’t the maturity and stamina to face reality” (GVG).

Psa 119:166

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:167

I OBEY YOUR STATUTES, FOR I LOVE THEM GREATLY: Here, is (a) the cause of (b)? Or is (b) the cause of (a)? Surely both! If we keep, then we love. And if we love, then we keep. And each action, the loving and the keeping, enhances the other in a continuous cyclical effect. The more we love, the more we keep! And the more we keep, the more we love!

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

Psa 119:168

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45,56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

STATUTES: “Eduth”: “testimonies” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 2,14,22,24,31,36,46,59,79,88,95,99,111,119,125,129, 138,144,146,152,157,167,168.

FOR ALL MY WAYS ARE KNOWN TO YOU: It is when a man has this consciousness of living all his life in the presence of God, that the keeping of precepts and testimonies becomes possible, and even relatively easy.

Psa 119:169

WORD: “Dabar”: 25 times in Psa 119: vv 9,16,17,25,28,42,42 again (see AV mg), 43,49,57,65,74,81,89,101,105,107,114, 122 (textual emendation),130,139,147,160,161,169.

Psa 119:170

MAY MY SUPPLICATION COME BEFORE YOU: God has promised to deliver. Then why the need for intense supplication? Importunity is not to be curtailed, no matter what (Luk 18:2-8). We must always think of God as under no obligation to hear us, or to act on our behalf. Whether He does, and how, is entirely within His good pleasure.

PROMISE: “Imrah” (sometimes “word”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

Psa 119:171

OVERFLOW: Like water gushing forth from a spring; links with Heb for “prophet”. Here is intense thanksgiving for a sudden enlightenment. In such rare experiences the delight of discovery (or rather, of revelation) moves instinctively into praise.

DECREES: “Huqqim”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 5,8,12,16,23,26, 33,48,54,64,68,71,80,83,112,117,118,124,135,145,155,171.

Psa 119:172

MAY MY TONGUE SING OF YOUR WORD: Joy in God’s Word should just as instinctively express itself in good conversation about that Word — to those who do not know it, and to those who do!

WORD: “Imrah” (sometimes “promise”): 19 times in Psa 119: vv 11,38,41,50,58,67,76,82,103,116,123,133,140,148,154, 158,162,170,172.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psa 119:173

PRECEPTS: “Piqqudim”: 21 times in Psa 119: vv 4,15,27,40,45, 56,63,69,78,87,93,94,100,104,110,128,134,141,159,168,173.

Psa 119:174

I LONG FOR YOUR SALVATION, O LORD: God’s law is not the true end (as the rabbis have made it). The true end is salvation.

LAW: “Torah”: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 1,18,29,34,44,51,53,55,61,70,72,77,85,92,97,109,113,126,136,142,150,153, 163,165,174.

Psa 119:175

LET ME LIVE THAT I MAY PRAISE YOU: A sick Hezekiah looks beyond the expected recovery to the dedicated life in the fifteen years ahead.

LAWS: “Mishpatim”: “judgments”, or “ordinances” in AV: 23 times in Psa 119: vv 7,13,20,30,39,43,52,62,75,84,91,102, 106,108,120,121,132 (textual emendation), 137,149,156,160,164,175.

Psa 119:176

I HAVE STRAYED LIKE A LOST SHEEP. SEEK YOUR SERVANT, FOR I HAVE NOT FORGOTTEN YOUR COMMANDS: What a remarkable end to this unique psalm! This admission of serious failure comes after scores and scores of protestations of keeping God’s commandments! And so the possibility of abject failure is always there, even for the most solid and experienced of saints. But so also is the possibility (nay, the certainty!) of restoration and renewal for those who, even in their sins, do not forget God.

LIKE A LOST SHEEP: Members of God’s flock know when they are lost. There is no total forgetting of God and His Truth. The Good Shepherd is looking for them, even as they are looking for him. He will carry them on his shoulders, and bring them back into his fold with rejoicing.

COMMANDS: “Mishvoth”: “commandments” in AV: 22 times in Psa 119: vv 6,10,19,21,32,35,47,48,60,66,73,86,96,98, 115,127,131,143,151,166,172,176.

Psalms 101

Psa 101:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “OF DAVID. A PSALM.”

SETTING: If it were not for one very unusual phrase, the obvious time of composition of this psalm would be when David first came to the throne. That phrase is: “When will you come to me?” This is surely to be linked with 2Sa 6:9,11: the outcome of the Uzzah disaster (Psa 30n). Carried away by success, David — even when bringing the Ark to Zion — had not really made his God the center of all his plans. Now, after three months (during which David himself had suffered), a fresh start is made. This psalm now expresses the resolve that in everything the reign of David, who has newly come to Zion and to leadership of all twelve tribes of Israel, is to be the rule of God. Although David failed to fully implement the high resolution of this psalm (what man short of Christ would not have failed in some degree?), he still recognized the validity of such ideals. It was his recognition of, and striving after, such ideals — not his perfect attainment of them — that made him a man after God’s own heart (1Sa 13:14; Act 13:22). Late in his life, David passed along similar advice to his son and heir Solomon: see 1Ch 28:9. Note correspondence between these words and Psa 101 — which doubtless formed part of David’s legacy to Solomon. Would God that the son had truly heeded his father! But, alas, the last words of the father’s warning stand still as a memorial to the failed promise of Solomon’s life: “If you forsake him, he will cast you off for ever.”

“Justice” in the stroke upon Uzzah and the punishment of himself. “Love” in his own recovery and in God’s forgiveness, shown in the acceptance of his sacrifices. So David sang of both these divine virtues as he danced before the Lord with all his might (2Sa 6:14).

I WILL SING OF YOUR LOVE AND JUSTICE: “There is a subject for song even in the judgments of God towards us. For, first, the trial is not so heavy as it might have been; next, the trouble is not so severe as we deserved to have borne; and our affliction is not so crushing as the burden which others have to carry. Faith sees that in her worst sorrow there is nothing penal; there is not a drop of God’s wrath in it; it is all sent in love. Faith discerns love gleaming like a jewel on the breast of an angry God. Faith says of her grief, ‘This is a badge of honour, for the child must feel the rod’; and then she sings of the sweet result of her sorrows, because they work her spiritual good. Nay, more, says Faith, ‘These light afflictions, which are but for a moment, work out for me a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory.’ [2Co 4:17,18] So Faith rides forth on the black horse, conquering and to conquer, trampling down carnal reason and fleshly sense, and chanting notes of victory amid the thickest of the fray” (CHS).

Psa 101:2

I WILL BE CAREFUL TO LEAD A BLAMELESS LIFE: Confession that, in his first attempt at bringing the Ark to Zion, he had not so acted. And at the second and successful venture his godly behavior was judged by his empty-headed wife Michal to be that of a shameless reveler (2Sa 6:16,20). But this was vehemently denied by David (v 21) — he had in fact behaved himself perfectly in serving his God joyously and without heed to the pointless dignity of Gentile kings.

WHEN WILL YOU COME TO ME?: Explained by Exo 20:24, with a special ref to acceptable sacrifice: “Thou… shalt sacrifice… thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen… in all places where I record my name… [and then] I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee.” And David did insure that God would “come” unto him, by taking care, on this auspicious occasion of the processional of the Ark, to offer oxen and fatlings (2Sa 6:13,17).

I WILL BE CAREFUL TO LEAD A BLAMELESS LIFE: It was in his house where the first test of his new resolve came, with the haughty challenge of Michal, the pampered daughter of Saul (2Sa 6:16,20-23); and this he came through with flying colors. But it was not to be so in later days. True godliness must begin at home, and it was here where — despite the best of intentions — David was later to fail dismally. Bathsheba, Uriah, Absalom… such names impart a keen dramatic irony to these words of early promise.

BLAMELESS: Heb “tam”, or “upright” — used three times in this psalm (v 2 twice, and v 6) — is a favorite word of David (Psa 15:2; 18:23,25; 37:37). Cp also God’s words to Abraham in Gen 17:1: “I am the Almighty God: walk before me, and be perfect.”

Psa 101:3

Vv 3-5: (NT) All during his ministry, Jesus scrupulously avoided any and all alliances and entanglements and accommodations with the men of power, for whom duty to God took a backseat to political intrigue. In his messages to the seven churches, he likewise expressed a hatred of the deeds of the Nicolaitans (Rev 2:6) — another batch of pseudo-religious political schemers. And when he reigns as King, how very pronounced this will be in his judgment!

I HAVE SET BEFORE MY EYES NO VILE THING: “Thing of Belial”: mg — or “wicked person”: RV mg. The sw (Belial) occurs in Psa 18:4; 41:8; Deu 15:9. So is this a ref to a worthless political schemer — like Joab or Ahithophel or Absalom?

THE DEEDS OF FAITHLESS MEN I HATE: This translation is guesswork. Nobody really knows the meaning of this obscure Heb word; other guesses are: “those who fall away” (RSV), “disloyalty” (NEB).

Psa 101:4

See Psa 18:25,26.

I WILL HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH EVIL: That is, ‘I will shake it off like a poisonous serpent.’

Psa 101:5

Vv 5-7: Cp Psa 24:4, a psalm which belongs to the same occasion; also, note the similarities in Psa 15. The kind of individual that Saul had ill-advisedly had at his side.

Psa 101:6

MY EYES WILL BE ON THE FAITHFUL IN THE LAND: Men like Nathan, Obed-edom the Gittite, and Heman the Ezrahite, in ct to the wicked of the land (v 8). Yet David never completely ridded himself of Joab, and he perhaps tolerated men like Shimei and Ahithophel long past the point when they should have been dismissed.

HE WHOSE WALK IS BLAMELESS WILL MINISTER TO ME: This word “serve” means: ‘serve as priest’. The incident that led to the stroke upon Uzzah was evidently the culmination of other unworthy service by the priesthood. Did Abiathar begin to demonstrate a lack of dependability at this time? It was about now that Zadok became co-High Priest(1Ch 15:11,12), eventually to take over full office (2Sa 15:24,25; 1Ki 2:26,35).

(NT) Here is the King making his choice of those in whose fellowship and service he will rejoice during the age to come.

Psa 101:7

NO ONE WHO PRACTICES DECEIT WILL DWELL IN MY HOUSE: After the use of “priestly” language, one would expect here: “Thy house”. But at the time the psalm was written, even the Tabernacle had not been fully re-inaugurated.

(NT) Judas Iscariot, who because of the deceitful work he had to do, left early from the house of the Last Supper (Joh 13:25-30).

NO ONE WHO SPEAKS FALSELY WILL STAND IN MY PRESENCE: That is, he shall not stand as a courtier in the royal presence.

Psa 101:8

EVERY MORNING: Manna given (Exo 16:21). Fire on the altar (Lev 6:12). Incense offered (Exo 30:7). Praise offered (1Ch 23:30). Service offered (1Ch 9:27). Sacrifice presented (2Ch 2:4; 13:11). God visits (Job 7:18). God is their arm (Isa 33:2). His compassions new (Lam 3:23). The Philistines present themselves (1Sa 17:16). God silences the wicked (here). Judgment (Zep 3:5). Administer justice (Jer 21:12).

EVERY MORNING: Lit, “morning by morning”. The phrase suggests painstaking and continuing attention to judgment and rulership (cp Exo 18:13-26; Jer 21:12). It was by similar arduous and patient (though far less worthy!) effort, morning by morning, that Absalom sought to steal away the hearts of the men of Israel from David while he was laid up with a serious illness (2Sa 15:1-6).

I WILL CUT OFF EVERY EVILDOER FROM THE CITY OF THE LORD: Psa 46:4; 48:1,8; Isa 1:26. Now that the Ark has come to Zion, David refuses to call it the city of David, as he had done shortly before (2Sa 5:9). How effectively this psalm begins and ends with the name of Yahweh! It is precisely because Jerusalem is the city of Jehovah that all evildoers should be cut off from it!

(NT) See Mat 25:31,41. All peoples are exhorted to enter through the gates of Zion into the courts of the Lord (Psa 100:4), but they are not to forget that there are, ultimately, exalted standards for admittance. In the judgment day, many will seek to enter only to be turned aside (Mat 7:21-23; 25:11,12), for there may not enter into the city of the Lord “any thing that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie: but [only] they which are written in the Lamb’s book of life” (Rev 21:27).

Psalms 102

Psa 102:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “A PRAYER OF AN AFFLICTED MAN. WHEN HE IS FAINT AND POURS OUT HIS LAMENT BEFORE THE LORD.” Psa 17 is comparable in character. (Other “prayers” in psalm titles: Psa 86, 90, 142.) Sw vv 1,17 below. “The afflicted” fits Hezekiah (cp Isa 38:1-6; the same double theme there: personal restoration, and the salvation of Zion).

Vv 1-11: (NT) The loneliness of Christ in his ministry, and his wrestling in the garden of Gethsemane.

LET MY CRY FOR HELP COME TO YOU: Hezekiah’s cry would have to suffice; for he, being both sick and unclean (with leprosy), could not literally come into the presence of God (cp Psa 42:1-4; 84:2,3).

“The spirit of prayer is caught, not taught. It is caught from the prayers of the faithful in the Bible, and from the example of Jesus.

“There may be difficulties. Some who have grown old in the Faith have confessed that they had not found it easy to pray; perhaps because of diffidence in speaking to the Father, or because it had been mistakenly assumed that one should use a particular form of words. Some found that they did not know what to pray for, or about. Yet the Father is the truest Friend of all and we can reveal things to Him that could never be told to anyone else.

“Prayer is the opportunity for worship, for praise and thanksgiving, for supplication and for the joy of talking with the Father. It can be silent or uttered, and used anywhere and at any time: in a tram or bus, when driving a car or walking to work; at home, in the office or factory; or even whilst standing before a king in great distress” (JM).

Psa 102:2

FACE (of God): In Psalms, always ref God’s presence in ark/tabernacle/temple: see VL, Pss, God’s face.

ANSWER ME QUICKLY: And God did (2Ki 20:4)! Faith turns a pitiful beseeching into an imperative.

(NT) And He did, in Gethsemane, with an Angel from heaven (Luk 22:43); and on the cross, with a manifestation of the Shekinah Glory (Psa 22:22-31n).

Psa 102:3

Cp Psa 37:20; 68:2. Briefly describes the ravages of his disease. That is, ‘I suffer undeservedly, as though I were full of wickedness.’

Psa 102:4

Cp v 11; Psa 121:6. The serious debility of a sick man affects his powers of thought and ability to take any interest in the affairs of life. “Heart” (v 4) and “bones” (v 5) = “mind and body” — ie the whole person.

WITHERED LIKE GRASS: Cp Isa 40:6-8.

Psa 102:5

“My bones cleave to my skin”: AV (Psa 22:17; Lam 4:18). Cp Job’s description of his leprosy (Job 19:20).

Psa 102:6

“I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert” (AV). Both birds are unclean (Lev 11:13-18; Deu 14:12-17) and solitary (Isa 34:11 and Zep 2:14 — where “cormorant” is sw as “pelican”; and Jer 50:39) — sym of Hezekiah, unclean by illness and secluded in his palace. “The pelican is a magnificent bird in flight, with its huge white wings, and long yellowish bill. [But] when it sits motionless at the edge of a swamp, its head against its breast, digesting the fish it scooped up in its pouch, it becomes the very image of brooding sorrow” (A Parmelee, All the Birds of the Bible 169). Some translators call the first bird a “vulture” (RSV, Amplified), and the second a “pelican” (Aglen) — since the Heb word rendered “owl” in the AV is literally “cup”, calling attention (poss) to the huge bill of the pelican. Either way, the basic ideas of uncleanness and separation hold true.

Psa 102:7

As in Isa 38:14, Hezekiah again compares himself to a sparrow (see also Psa 84:3).

Psa 102:8

ALL DAY LONG MY ENEMIES TAUNT ME: Cp Psa 42:10; 44:13. Sw 8 times about Rabshakeh’s crude propaganda campaign outside the walls of Jerusalem (2Ki 19:4,16,22,23; Isa 37:4,17,23,24; cp Psa 44:16; 74:10 — also sw). Also cp David’s experiences (Psa 69:9,10, sw again).

(NT) The ceaseless campaign of vilification and plotting against Jesus (cp Psa 69:12).

THOSE WHO RAIL AGAINST ME USE MY NAME AS A CURSE: That is, ‘they have sworn to their gods’, or ‘they have cursed me by their gods.’ The Israelite/Assyrian war had become a contest between Yahweh and the gods of Nineveh (2Ki 19:4,10,15-19; Isa 46). Hence the drastic action taken by God against Sennacherib’s army.

Psa 102:9

(NT) Strong expressions to signify the intense vexation and frustration which frequently beset Jesus in his ministry. And especially, the mingled sorrow and joy of the “Passover” in the upper room.

Psa 102:10

Certainly God’s anger was against His people, not against the king; but Hezekiah was being taught to see himself as the representative of — and vicarious sufferer for — his entire nation (see esp Isa 53 and WIsa 456-475).

BECAUSE OF YOUR GREAT WRATH: (NT) A strong way of expressing how heavy was the burden which he bore for mankind. The Father had laid upon the Son the reproach and iniquity of all men (Isa 53:6; 2Pe 1:20-25; see GB, PSS 1:47, 220, 229, 230, 297, 298, 397, and 398).

FOR YOU HAVE TAKEN ME UP AND THROWN ME ASIDE: A very vivid figure of speech. The “lifting up” was the prosperity and revival of Temple activity and true worship of Jehovah during the early days of Hezekiah’s reign. And the “casting down”? Only too well-described here.

(NT) Moments of exhilaration in the course of the Lord’s ministry, but also — and more generally — much experience of disappointment and depression (see esp Isa 49:4).

Psa 102:11

MY DAYS ARE LIKE THE EVENING SHADOW: An outstandingly appropriate allusion to the sundial of Ahaz (see Isa 38:7,8).

I WITHER AWAY LIKE GRASS: As in v 4 and Isa 40:6-8.

Psa 102:12

The Assyrian campaign against trust in Yahweh (Isa 36:15; 37:4) must be exposed as empty human futility.

YOUR RENOWN ENDURES THROUGH ALL GENERATIONS: This alludes to God’s Covenant Name (Exo 3:15), and so also in every use of this word in the psalms.

Psa 102:13

COMPASSION ON ZION: Cp Isa 54:8 and context. The linking of this theme with that of the king’s sickness would be absurd if (as some suppose by a mistaken reading of a couple of texts) the Assyrian invasion and Hezekiah’s illness were separated by quite a number of years. But it is all too plain that his suffering and the threat of Assyrian attack on Jerusalem came simultaneously (see esp Isa 38:5,6).

THE APPOINTED TIME: This Heb word moed always refs to one of Israel’s religious feasts, in this instance to Passover, for the Assyrian attack came at that very time (Isa 26:20,21; 30:29 — sw; and Isa 31:5,8).

Psa 102:14

HER STONES: Are the saints themselves the “stones” of Jerusalem (ie 1Pe 2:5)? Cp the “stones” that cry out (Hab 2:11; Luk 19:40).

HER VERY DUST MOVES THEM TO PITY: “Thy servants… favour [even] the dust thereof” (AV), meaning that Jerusalem is no longer an unclean leprous city (Lev 14:41).

Psa 102:15

The effect of the tremendous destruction of Sennacherib’s army was to put all surrounding nations in awe of the power of the God of Israel (2Ch 32:23; Isa 37:20; 45:6; 59:19; see also v 22 here).

(NT) As a prophecy of the coming kingdom this is wonderful. The return of Christ will — eventually — cause all kings and other powers to acknowledge and worship him (Psa 72:10,11; Isa 60:3,9-12). He who was merely (if that is the right word!) King of the Jews will have then become King of the whole World (Rev 5:8-14; 11:15; 12:10; 15:4; Phi 2:8,10; Dan 4:17,25; Isa 24:23; 26:9; 45:23; Psa 22:27-29; 86:9; etc).

Psa 102:16

THE LORD WILL REBUILD ZION AND APPEAR IN HIS GLORY: Cp Isa 45:13; 60:10. (NT) It appears, from Zec 14:4, that Jerusalem will have been largely destroyed by an earthquake, and will literally need rebuilding before it can become the city of the Great King (Mat 5:35). But this is also a reference to the “new Jerusalem” — the embodiment of the glorified saints (Gal 4:26; Heb 12:22; Rev 21:2,9,10). In the last and best sense, it is there, through them, in immortal human beings which enshrine His character, and that of His Son, that God will truly appear in all His glory (Rev 21:3; 22:3,4)!

THE LORD WILL… APPEAR IN HIS GLORY: It was by this means that the Assyrian camp was decimated (Isa 37:36; 30:30,31). This may also ref to the Lord’s Glory being manifested in Hezekiah’s recovery from his fatal illness — perhaps the Shekinah Glory that caused the shadow (cp v 11 here!) of the sundial to go backward ten degrees (2Ki 20:8-11).

Psa 102:17

Isa 37:1; 38:2,3. Hezekiah was without heir (“destitute”) at this time (cp sw in Gen 15:2; Lev 20:20,21; and Jer 22:30).

(NT) Israel, repentant at last (Lev 26:40-42; Deu 30:1-3; Psa 81:13,14; Eze 20:42-44; Joe 2:12-20; Zec 12:10; Mat 23:39; Act 3:19,20; Rom 11:15), will cry to God out of her misery, and He will send His Son to redeem Israel from her captivity.

Psa 102:18

A PEOPLE NOT YET CREATED MAY PRAISE THE LORD: Hezekiah’s state and nation seemed to be virtually obliterated — the Land ravaged from end to end, 200,000 captives taken away, great numbers of refugees now in foreign lands, cities destroyed, farms and forests burnt, only Jerusalem not yet desolated. Yet within one year all was renewed — the Land fertile and productive, the captives returned, cities rebuilt, and Jerusalem “re-created” a rejoicing in the earth: Psa 67:6; 81:16; 85:12; 96:12; Isa 35:1,2,6,7; 44:26; 45:13; 48:12,13; 55:10,11,13; 58:11,12; 60:3-5; 62:5-7; 65:17-19; 66:22; Mic 4:10.

(NT) The Heb “bara” sig: ‘made afresh’: Psa 22:31; Isa 43:5,21. This is now seen to be the new, spiritual “Creation” in Christ: 2Co 5:14-19; Gal 6:15; Eph 2:1-10; 4:22-24; Col 1:15-18; 3:9,10; Jam 1:18; Rev 3:14.

Psa 102:19

Vv 19,20: The captives returning from Assyria, as in v 18 note.

HIS SANCTUARY… HEAVEN: The two are juxtaposed, or equated with one another, here — as in 1Ki 8.

Psa 102:20

Cp, generally, Isa 61:1. Hezekiah condemned to death, and then given 15 years of life.

Comment on Psa 102:21

The same “captives” are now brought forth to praise the Lord in Jerusalem. Surely this provides evidence as to the locality of the saints’ immortalization, and thus (presumably) the locality of the Judgment Seat of Christ (cp Isa 25:7,8; Psa 87:5,6; 133:1-3; see PSS 1:384-388).

Psa 102:23

HE CUT SHORT MY DAYS: Hezekiah’s sickness: “Set thine house in order: thou shalt die, and not live” (2Ki 20:1; Isa 38:1).

Psa 102:24

I SAID: This phrase is a Hezekiah characteristic (Isa 38:10,11).

IN THE MIDST OF MY DAYS: The king had reigned 14 years when another 15 years was added to his life. With “my days” here ct “thy years”, which “shall have no end” (here, and v 27).

YOUR YEARS GO ON THROUGH ALL GENERATIONS: It is as though this good king prays: ‘Out of Your eternity — an inexhaustible store — will You not spare me just a few more years?’

Psa 102:25

Vv 25-27: The whole of Heb 1; 2 was written to prove that Christ is greater than the angels. How does the quotation of these vv in Heb 1:10-12 fit into this?

Those words are certainly about the greatness of Yahweh, but they also describe the removing of an old creation [(a) that of Gen 1? or (b) the Law of Moses? cp Isa 51:6,16; also cp Isa 50:3,9]. Therefore the New Creation which takes its place must be better, just as the New Covenant is better than the old (Heb 8:13). The old creation (both a and b) was brought in by angels (a: Gen 1:26; Psa 33:6; b: Heb 2:2; Acts 7:35,38,53; Gal 3:19), but the New Creation is brought in by the Messiah. Therefore Messiah must be greater than the angels, because his “Creation” — “the world to come” (Heb 1:2; 2:5) and the saints who rule it (2Co 5:14-19; Gal 6:15; Eph 2:1-10; 4:22-24; Col 1:15-18; 3:9,10; Jam 1:18; Rev 3:14) — will continue forever!

And, in Psa 102:28, the “children” of this new world can “continue” only by sharing the endless years of Yahweh (vv 26,27), that is, by undergoing a change to His divine nature. This is already true of the Messiah (v 27; Heb 13:8), and it will most surely be true of all “in him” (Heb 10:9)!

Literally speaking, the earth will of course not be burned up, despite Peter’s words in 2Pe 3:10. This is proven by passages too numerous to list (just a few examples: Isa 45:18; 11:9; Hab 2:14; Ecc 1:4; 1Ch 16:30; Mat 5:5; Psa 37:9-11; 115:16; Pro 10:30). The “new heavens and earth” will be a re-creation, or reordering, of the old. This is evident by, among other points, the fact that the new “heavens and earth” will still include a Zion and a Jerusalem (Psa 102:13,20; Isa 65:18,19). But — as with the flood of Noah’s day — the wicked works of man will be totally destroyed (2Pe 3:5,6), and the “new” heavens and earth will solely by the dwelling place of righteousness (v 13). Or, to use the Biblical figure of speech found in this context, the heavens and earth will shed their old, tattered “garments” and replace them with bright new ones!

Psa 102:28

Here Hezekiah is pleading the unshakable continuity of the Promise made to David (2Sa 7:12-16).

Psalms 103

Psa 103:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “OF DAVID”. The ascription to David clashes with what are undeniably close links with Isaiah. Either the first few vv are David’s, and the rest added by Isaiah or Hezekiah; or “David” is to be read as a ref to the descendant of David who sits on his throne (as in Eze 34:23,24; 37:24), and in that case the psalm is Hezekiah’s throughout. An alternative is: David’s throughout, frequently quoted by Isaiah, who then follows with his own psalm — Psa 104 — on the Glory of God.

Psa 103:2

Vv 2,3: Several such periods of iniquity in David’s life; and in at least two of these God punished him with grievous sickness (Psa 6, 88, 30, 41, etc). Hence, “who heals all your diseases” (cp Exo 15:26; Deu 7:12-15). To what extent is it true (in the general sense) that iniquities and diseases are related? Often, no doubt, but certainly not always! — which is why, without a divine pronouncement (such as Joh 5:14), we must never assume such a connection in any specific case. (General discussion of relationship between sickness and sin: SJam 179-200.)

Psa 103:3

WHO FORGIVES ALL YOUR SINS AND HEALS ALL YOUR DISEASES: “Humbling as is the statement, yet the fact is certain, that we are all more or less suffering under the disease of sin. What a comfort to know that we have a great Physician who is both able and willing to heal us! His cures are very speedy — there is life in a mere look from him; his cures are radical — he strikes at the centre of the disease; and hence, his cures are sure and certain. He never fails, and the disease never returns. There is no relapse where Christ heals; no fear that his patients should be merely patched up for a season; he makes new men of them: a new heart also does he give them, and a right spirit does he put with them. He is well skilled in all diseases. Physicians generally have some speciality. Although they may know a little about almost all our pains and ills, there is usually one disease which they have studied above all others; but Jesus Christ is thoroughly acquainted with the whole of human nature. He is as much at home with one sinner as with another, and never yet did he meet with an out-of-the-way case that was difficult to him. He has had extraordinary complications of strange diseases to deal with, but he has known exactly with one glance of his eye how to treat the patient. He is the only universal doctor; and the medicine he gives is the only true curative, healing in every instance. Whatever our spiritual malady may be, we should apply at once to this Divine Physician. There is no brokenness of heart which Jesus cannot bind up. ‘His blood cleanseth from all sin’ (1Jo 1:7)” (CHS).

Psa 103:4

The Goliath, Achish, Saul, and Absalom episodes. How many such instances there were!

WHO REDEEMS YOUR LIFE FROM THE PIT: We are also redeemed FROM all iniquity (Tit 2:14), from transgressions (Heb 9:15), from the curse of the Law (Gal 3:13), and from the Law itself (Gal 4:5), from among men (Rev 14:3,4), and from all nations (Rev 5:9).

We are redeemed BY Christ (Mat 20:28; Mar 10:45; Heb 9:12; 1Ti 2:6) and by God (Luk 1:68; 1Co 1:30).

We are redeemed THROUGH Christ’s life (Mat 20:28; Mar 10:45), his blood (1Pe 1:18,19; Eph 1:7; Col 1:14), and his death (Heb 9:15).

We are redeemed for ever (Heb 9:12), but only fully and truly and absolutely “redeemed” when Christ comes (Rom 8:23).

WHO… CROWNS YOU: In a fig sense; but also lit when his kingdom was restored to him after the death of Absalom.

Psa 103:5

YOUR YOUTH IS RENEWED LIKE THE EAGLE’S: Not that the eagle does actually renew its youth. (The writings of the rabbis and early church “fathers” overflow with fables and myths about the supernatural recuperative powers of the eagle.)

But rather: ‘renewed so as to be like the eagle’; that is, to have a buoyant, tireless strength, as in the eagle-based Cherubim of Glory (Isa 6:2).

THE EAGLE’S: The eagle is swift (2Sa 1:23; Deu 28:49; Job 9:26; Jer 4:13), strong (Exo 19:4; Rev 12:14), tender (Deu 32:11), and high-soaring (Pro 30:19; Isa 40:31).

Psa 103:11

Christ’s priesthood — exercised now in heaven, yet founded on God’s condescension and mercy to man upon earth.

Psa 103:12

The sins of God’s people: “Covered” (Psa 32:1), “Removed” (Psa 103:12), “Cast behind God’s back” (Isa 38:17), “Blotted out” (Psa 51:1; Isa 44:22), “Washed away” (Psa 51:2,7), “Remembered no more” (Jer 31:34), “Sought for but not found” (Jer 50:20), “Cast into the depths of the sea” (Mic 7:19).

The offerer stood with his sacrifice near the east gate of the sanctuary, and the blood was then brought into the Holy of Holies at its west end. Or is this perhaps an allusion to the scapegoat, removing the sins of the congregation far away from their midst? (Note: many Day of Atonement implications in this psalm.)

Psa 103:13

The parable of the Prodigal Son? This v is prob the OT passage closest in spirit to the personal and paternal relationship of God with believers which is so commonly expressed in the NT. While God is described elsewhere in the OT as a Father to the nation of Israel (Exo 4:22,23; Hos 11:1-4; Deu 32:6; Isa 29:16; 63:16; 64:8; etc), it is only here that the paternal relationship takes on a specially personal quality. (The Bible describes the quality of God’s love for mankind as being maternal as well: Isa 66:13.)

Psa 103:14

HE REMEMBERS THAT WE ARE DUST: “There is no need for us to associate despondency and despair with the thought of appearing before the Judgment Seat of Christ. True, our sins and our failings are constant reminders of the possibility of our failure there. But Paul’s message to us is not intended to paralyse us with fear or to crush us under hopeless remorse; it is rather intended to influence our lives for good, to spur us to greater activity in Christ’s service; to mould our characters nearer to the pattern he has left us, that we may win success when Christ appears. Paul desires us to remember the one certainty in our lives, and remembering it, to order our lives accordingly. There is no occasion for despondency and alarm, provided we are in earnest about our standing in the day of Christ. It is true that we fail and we sin; but God ‘knows our frame, and remembers that we are dust’, and has made merciful provision for our weakness. There is no limit to God’s forgiveness if it is sought in accordance with His conditions… Are we such egotists as to imagine that our cases are so unique as to be beyond the saving grace of God?” (FWT).

Psa 103:15

Vv 15,16: See Mat 6:28-30. The hot wind from the desert is the “oven” referred to. (See also Psa 37:2; 92:7; Isa 51:12; 1Pe 1:24; Jam 1:10,11.)

Psa 103:16

The wind = “ruach”, which also sig the Spirit of God. This v describes the sudden fate of the Assyrians. The word “blast” (KJV), or “spirit” (NIV) in Isa 37:7 is the sw in Heb.

Psa 103:18

THOSE WHO KEEP HIS COVENANT: “We have a tremendous, overwhelming — almost crushing — responsibility to God. We should be conscious of it every moment. He has richly given us everything: life and existence and consciousness; the revelation of Himself and His loving goodness; His Word; His Purpose; His call to eternal communion with Him in the Divine Nature; the dreadful sacrifice of His only-begotten Son for our salvation; an earth-home full of infinite beauty and divine imprint; the incomparably marvelous tools of the human mind and hands; the power of thought and memory and imagination. And we have agreed to accept all this from Him, on His conditions. And He asks so little in comparison in return, and that for our own good — simply the casting off of everything to do with this dark, dying, sinful world and its follies, and total love and devotion and service to Him. And yet we putter away our life in the stinking rubbish heap of the present, as though all these glorious things never existed. Let us open our eyes and hearts, before it has all passed away beyond our grasp for ever. Opportunity pauses for us just so long: and then — eternal darkness” (GVG).

Psa 103:22

PRAISE THE LORD, ALL HIS WORKS: Not ref to inanimate, unthinking, or unfeeling objects, but instead to men and women new-made (Psa 145:9,10), as in Psa 102:18 (see refs there).

Psalms 104

Psa 104:1

See Lesson, Psalms, “Hallelujah”.

PSA 104: A survey of the days of creation, with numerous allusions to Isa 6.

PRAISE THE LORD, O MY SOUL: This perfectly appropriate beginning and ending to the psalm matches Psa 103: Thanksgiving to God for His abundant longsuffering and lovingkindness is followed by further thanksgiving for the marvels of His Creation (and of His New Creation).

Psa 104:2

HE WRAPS HIMSELF IN LIGHT AS WITH A GARMENT: Amo 4:13; Isa 44:24; 45:7; Jer 10:12. (NT) The Transfiguration (Mat 17:2; Luk 9:29; 2Pe 1:16,17). The Glory of God is to be seen in the Glory of Christ (2Co 3:18; 4:6).

HE STRETCHES OUT THE HEAVENS LIKE A TENT: Cp Isa 40:22. “Curtain” = “yeriah”, found 43 of 53 total times in Exo 26; 36 — re the curtains of the Mosaic tabernacle. The Holy of Holies, as the dwelling-place of God in the midst of His people, is spoken of as “heaven”: 2Ch 30:27 (note italics); 36:15; 1Ki 8:27-33; Psa 20:2,6; 11:4; 18:6; 26:8; Heb 7:26. Heaven, in the sense of the expanse of the firmament, is the impassable barrier between man and God (Exo 24:10; Eze 1:26,28). The temple counterpart to this was the veil (Exo 26:1; 36:8,13), seen by Isaiah the priest (Isa 6:1).

Psa 104:3

AND LAYS THE BEAMS OF HIS UPPER CHAMBERS ON THEIR WATERS: Either the mountains rooted under the ocean, or (more likely) the waters in the clouds (v 13). As to the second possibility, note the // with v 3b, and see also the previous note. “Chambers” is the Heb “aliyoth”, or — singular — “aliyah” (sw v 13), translated “pavilion” in the NEB — which sig an upper room, often built on the roof as a retreat (Jdg 3:20-25; 1Ki 17:19,23; 2Ki 1:2; 4:10,11; 23:12; 1Ch 28:11; 2Ch 3:9; 9:4). Thus a fitting symbol of heaven itself — God’s “retreat”, so to speak.

HE MAKES THE CLOUDS HIS CHARIOT: Cp Psa 18:10,11; 97:2, notes. Notice the change of pronoun: it is not “Thy” (as in vv 1,2,6,7, etc.), but “his” — that is, Christ’s cherubim chariot (cp “his angels”, ie Christ’s, as in Heb 1 repeatedly). This is the essential point in Heb 1:7: that even the angels now belong to Christ!

Psa 104:4

HE MAKES WINDS HIS MESSENGERS: Cp Eze 37:9; Dan 7:2; Rev 7:1. Or, “Who maketh his angels spirits” (AV). That is, vehicles of the power of God (cp Heb 1:7,14), like the retinue of servants in the royal palace.

FLAMES OF FIRE HIS SERVANTS: Cp the Cherubim, with a flaming sword (or a sword of flame!), which turned every way to keep the way of the tree of life (Gen 3:24).

Psa 104:5

Yet ct v 32: At God’s behest even the foundations of the earth may tremble! Also cp Psa 103:17; 102:25-27: God’s “foundations” and God’s “mercies” are both everlasting! But, fig, those “foundations” will be removed when a “New Creation” is to be brought in. This coming in of a new world was prefigured by the Flood, which appears to be the point of vv 6-9 (cp Gen 7:19; 8:1-3).

Psa 104:7

See Lesson, Leviathan — esp the “Creation” myth.

Psa 104:8

The RSV (cp the RV mg) is more intelligible: “The mountains rose, the valleys sank down.” This was all part of the work of Day 2, but it was also a feature of the great Flood.

Psa 104:9

The rainbow covenant of Gen 8:21,22. Never again will the waters cover the earth as they once did (Gen 9:11; Isa 54:9; Jer 5:22; Pro 8:27-29; Job 38:8-11). The Deluge, though transient, was an important feature in the ongoing work of Creation; and it is a type (2Pe 3:4-13; Luk 17:26,27; Mat 24:37-39) of the re-creation of the New World by Christ at his coming.

Psa 104:11

The wild donkeys are proverbial for their independence (Gen 16:12; Job 39:5-8). Nevertheless, unknown to them, God provides for their thirst.

Psa 104:14

The Creation was designed both “to serve” man and “to be served (or ‘cultivated’) by” man. Either rendering is poss, though the latter should prob be emphasized here (cp v 23). Thus: ‘No work, no food’ (2Th 3:10; cp Exo 20:9). So it is also with the spiritual “food” of God’s Word.

Psa 104:15

The vine (for wine), olive tree (for oil), and wheat and barley (for bread) figure as the major staples of life in Palestine. “The constant bracketing of these three products together shows how they dominated the agriculture of the country (Gen 27:28,37; Deu 7:13; 11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4; 28:51; 33:28; 2Ki 18:32; 2Ch 31:5; 32:28; Psa 4:7; Isa 36:17; Lam 2:12; Hos 2:5,8,22; Joe 1:10; Hag 1:11)” (Baly 84).

The light of love to live by, The wine of friendship for sharing, The bread of peace to nourish heart and soul… For these we give thanks each day.

(NT) Following the AV mg (and KD and BDB), this v describes only two products: (1) wine that maketh glad the heart of man, “to make his shine as with oil”; and (2) bread which strengtheneth man’s heart. Thus this v gives the two great gifts — bread and wine — by which we remember and celebrate our fellowship with the Father through His Son. Each Sunday the bread and wine are the means of memorializing the strength and joy of our new life in Christ.

WINE THAT GLADDENS THE HEART OF MAN: This Creation ref to the vine and its produce surely vetoes the idea that wine was not known before the Flood (Gen 9:20,21). It is plain that wine, far from being an evil, is — as this v informs us — a good thing (cp Gen 14:18; Num 15:5; Jdg 9:13; Ecc 10:19; Pro 31:6,7; Joh 2:10), when used in moderation (1Ti 5:23). But, like many of God’s blessings and gifts, it can become a curse when indulged in to excess (Pro 20:1; 23:29-35; Eph 5:18; 1Pe 4:3).

FACE (of God): In Psalms, always ref God’s presence in ark/tabernacle/temple: see VL, Pss, God’s face.

Psa 104:16

What a lovely picture of angels planting cedars in Lebanon! And (v 21) providing young lions with their prey. And (v 26) romping playfully with mighty sea-monsters (and the world empires which they represent?).

Psa 104:18

The coneys are the hyraxes, small and shy rock-dwelling mammals (Pro 30:26).

Psa 104:19

THE MOON MARKS OFF THE SEASONS: Or, “He appointed the moon for seasons” (AV). “Appointed” is the Heb “asah”, which is also translated “made” in Gen 1:16: “And God made two great lights.” The moon, and the sun, were not created on the fourth day, but they were, at that time, appointed for signs. “Seasons” = Heb “moedim”, a word which always refs to Heb religious festivals; the entire Jewish calendar is based on the moon.

The psalmist is celebrating the way each element of creation plays its part perfectly, as God planned.

Psa 104:24

Everything in Creation is “Thy riches”, “Thy store”. Yet man treats the earth’s vast treasure troves as his own, to plunder and spoil at will, for short-term pleasure and profit.

God’s wisdom is demonstrated in Creation (Pro 8:22-24; 3:19; Psa 136:5), so as to reflect His glory (Num 14:21; Pro 16:4)) and His immutable purpose (Isa 45:18; Joh 1:1-3). God’s power in Creation is proof of the availability of that same power to save faithful men and women (Psa 147:3,4).

Psa 104:26

THE SHIPS: In a psalm celebrating the marvels of God’s handiwork and the wisdom of all His creative work, why should there be this one solitary phrase about what man contrives? Perhaps, in view of the context (vv 25, 26b, “Leviathan”), sb read as a poetic allusion to the great creatures often seen on the surface of the ocean — the whales, porpoises, and sharks. Usually seen in “schools”, hence the plural here. This would be in line with Gen 1:21.

LEVIATHAN: Ref an ancient mythological 7-headed sea monster, or dragon; used of Babylon and Egypt (Job 3:8; 41:1; Psa 74:14; 104:26; Isa 27:1): see Lesson, Leviathan.

WHICH YOU FORMED TO FROLIC THERE: In Job 41:5, God asks Job, “Will you play with him (Leviathan) as with a bird…?”, reflecting Psa 104:26, which sb read, “There go the ships, and Leviathan whom you (ie Yahweh) formed to play with”, or alternatively, “There go the ships, and Leviathan whom you formed to play in it (ie, the sea)”. Leviathan in Psa 104:26 has often been thought to be some creature such as the whale, but it may be a poetic ref to a mythical monster-deity.

Psa 104:27

(NT) Cited by Christ in Mat 24:45 and Luk 12:42: The faithful and wise servant, who has been appointed ruler over the household of his Lord is doing the work of God when he provides for the (New) Creation their food (both physical and spiritual?) day by day. (For the physical food, see Act 6:2-6; for the spiritual “food”, see everywhere in the NT!)

Psa 104:29

FACE (of God): In Psalms, always ref God’s presence in ark/tabernacle/temple: see VL, Pss, God’s face.

Psa 104:30

God’s all-pervading Spirit-power, sustaining everything in His creation: Gen 2:7; Job 12:10; 33:4; 34:14; 37:10; Psa 33:6; 139:7; Ecc 12:7. But esp in the New Creation.

THEY ARE CREATED: (NT) Or “re-created”! This is the New Creation of men and women new-born by faith in Christ (Psa 102:18, refs; Joh 20:22).

YOU RENEW THE FACE OF THE EARTH: A Paradise restored, thus harmonizing with the interpretation above. However, “earth” is not eretz, but adamah: the ground, or the dust. The culminating work of the (New) Creation is the renewal of the “face of adam — man”! And so this harmonizes with the next v even more so….

Psa 104:31

Not until the earth and its human inhabitants are redeemed can their Maker really rejoice in what He has made. Only then will it all be “very good” in anything approaching the sense originally intended (Gen 1:31). Here (as in Psa 145:9,10; 102:22; Eph 2:10), His “works” means redeemed men and women. Note the Covenant Name here, inappropriate to the natural creation, and positively demanding the kind of ref now being suggested. “Endure forever” is surely decisive.

Psa 104:32

Earthquake and volcanic eruption play their parts in the massive cataclysm which must follow its course before the New Creation can be fully established (cp Zec 14:4; Mat 24:7,8 — where “the beginning of sorrows” means the beginning of labor leading up to the birth).

Psa 104:33

Death as an unconscious state: Psa 104:33; 146:3,4; Isa 38:18; Ecc 9:5,6,10. Yet there is deliverance from Sheol for some: Psa 16:10; 17:15; 49:15; 73:24; Isa 26:19; Dan 12:1-3. The OT does not have the word “resurrection”, but the principle is plainly taught throughout.

Psa 104:35

Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, for they are the only blot on an otherwise perfect Creation. Glory to God will be realized in its fullness only when all sin in eradicated (Mic 7:19; cp Psa 37:10-20,38; 145:20; Mal 4:1,2; Mat 3:12; 13:40).

PRAISE THE LORD: Actually belongs to the beginning of Psa 105 (see v 1 note); but indeed it is certainly fitting here.

Psalms 105

Psa 105:1

See Lesson, Psalms, “Hallelujah”: see Psa 104:35n.

CALL ON HIS NAME: What name? The Covenant Name, of course! All the emphasis is on this, esp in the first portion of the psalm (Psa 105:1,3,4,7,19,45). Yet His people, who should pin their faith upon His Covenant Name and esteem it more than their necessary food, exclude it from their synagogue service and prayers. And a sizeable portion of the New Israel argues about its precise pronunciation (and misses its intrinsic meaning?).

Psa 105:4

LOOK TO THE LORD AND HIS STRENGTH: That is, to the Shekinah Glory resident in the Ark of the Covenant (Psa 78:61; 132:8; 2Ch 6:41). The Ark of God’s Glory was called His “Strength” because it was the sign of His kingship in Israel, and the focal point for the display of His person in the midst of the nation (Psa 26:8; 63:2). David’s use of these words in 1Ch 16:8-22 — when he was bringing the Ark to Jerusalem — substantiates this.

FACE (of God): In Psalms, always ref God’s presence in ark/tabernacle/temple: see VL, Pss, God’s face.

Psa 105:5

THE JUDGMENTS HE PRONOUNCED: Not the Ten Commandments, but the Promises to the fathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, called also “word” (v 8) and “law” (v 10). The context requires this.

Psa 105:6

ABRAHAM HIS SERVANT: Why not “Abraham his friend”? Because the seed of Abraham have been happier having God as a Master (under the bondage of the Law) rather than as the Friend He was to their great ancestor. Nor is the New Israel (the true “seed” of Abraham: Gal 3:16,27-29) completely free from this mistaken emphasis.

SONS OF JACOB, HIS CHOSEN ONES: In ct with Esau (Mal 1:2,3).

Psa 105:8

FOR A THOUSAND GENERATIONS: Cp Exo 20:6: “And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.” Should this read “unto thousands”, or — as in Psa 105:8,9 — “unto a thousand generations”? Notice the italics in the KJV of Exo 20:5: “generations” is added there, by the translators, to give the sense; and so it probably should be here also. At any rate, Psa 105:8,9 (and Psa 103:17,18; Deu 7:9; 1Ch 16:15; Isa 51:8; and Luk 1:50) give us reason to add this word.

But is not “a thousand generations” a gross exaggeration? By any reckoning, there cannot have been more than about 300 total generations since Adam.

True, unless these passages mean spiritual “generations” in Christ, which can be “begotten” in rapid succession. A natural generation cannot be much less than 20 years, but a spiritual “generation” can be as little as days or weeks. The enthusiastic convert to the truth in Christ loses no time in converting a friend or relative to the same faith. And so on, and so on, until God’s mercy has been shown indeed to a thousand such “generations”! (WBS 186,187).

Psa 105:9

The covenant was made with Abraham (Gen 12:1-3; 13:14-17), and confirmed by an oath (Gen 22:16); renewed to Isaac (Gen 26:3) and to Jacob (Gen 28:13; 35:12). As a token of his participation in this covenant, Jacob was given the new name Israel at the ford of Jabbok (Gen 32:28). As “word” = “covenant” (v 8), likewise here law = covenant.

Psa 105:11

TO YOU: Singular (as in 1Ch 16:18). The Promise was made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob separately as individuals. But note “you [plural] will inherit”; it will be fulfilled to all of them collectively. But here is a promise to the patriarchs not yet fulfilled, either in the past or the present (Act 7:5; Heb 11:8,9,13).

Psa 105:12

Quoting Jacob in Gen 34:30, when he had first come into the Land with his sons (cp v 13 here). God esteems faith in His faithful remnant far more than formality in the mass of the people. “There is no restraint to the Lord to save by many or by few” (1Sa 14:6).

Psa 105:13

The wandering life of the patriarchs is thus described: Gen 12:1,9; 13:18; 20:1; Heb 11:9.

Psa 105:14

KINGS: This plural is accurate: Pharaoh in Gen 12:17, and Abimelech king of Gerar in Gen 20:7; 26:11.

Psa 105:15

MY ANOINTED ONES: The LXX has the singular: “my Christ”; but most versions give the plural: “my anointed ones”. Who was (were) the Anointed One(s)? The fathers, along with Sarah, in the general sense of having been specially selected by God? (But where is the actual “anointing” that we should expect to find in their cases?) Or — as singular — the “Messiah” in the womb of Sarah (Gen 20:3,7; cp Gen 18:14), on the general principle of Heb 7:9,10 (Levi paying tithes while still in the loins of his father Abraham)?

This is the same point David was careful about re Saul: Never would he lift up a hand against the Lord’s anointed (1Sa 24:6,10; 26:11,23). Did David learn this psalm — and this attitude — from Samuel? (If so, then here is a point in favor of Mosaic authorship for the psalm, or at least for the first part.) And it was because of “the anointing” (Isa 10:27) of Hezekiah (as David’s successor and Jesus’ predecessor) that the Assyrian army — having swept through all of Judah (vv 28-32) — was at last turned aside short of its ultimate objective of Jerusalem (vv 23,24,33,34).

DO MY PROPHETS NO HARM: A quite remarkable addition to the Gentile account, yet strictly true: Both Abraham (Gen 22:8; 17:17; Rom 4:19) and Sarah (Gen 21:10,12; Gal 4:30) were “prophets”! And so also were Isaac (Gen 27:27-29) and Jacob (Gen 48:15-22; 49:1-27).

Psa 105:16

FAMINE ON THE LAND: Not that famine which faced Abram, driving him to make the mistake of going into Egypt, but that which brought about the migration there of Jacob’s family (Gen 41:54-57). These famines were the work of God, but so also (v 17) was the sequence of events which earlier brought Joseph to power in Egypt. God first created the problem, and then provided the solution.

AND DESTROYED ALL THEIR SUPPLIES OF FOOD: Food is to strengthen and support, hence the figure of a staff (Lev 26:26; Isa 3:1; cp Psa 104:15). To God it is as easy to make a nation-wide famine as to break a staff!

Psa 105:17

Vv 17,18: Gen 39:20; Psa 107:10. This supplies details not given in the history.

Psa 105:18

HIS NECK WAS PUT IN IRONS: The Heb is literally “his soul entered into iron” (AV mg). But the old translator Coverdale reverses the two, and gives the haunting phrase which has since become proverbial: “the iron entered his soul.” Thus he expressed poetically that it was more than Joseph’s flesh that felt the cold metal; his whole being came into its embrace. Joseph being such a detailed prototype of the Messiah (see WJos; Pickering on Joseph), this v 18 must also have been true of Jesus: In his trial he would have worn fetters, and in his crucifixion his feet would have been fixed with iron (cp Gen 3:15 — “bruised in the heel”). And so iron entered into his soul also.

Psa 105:19

THE WORD OF THE LORD PROVED HIM TRUE: As gold being refined (Psa 12:6; 17:3; 18:30; Pro 30:5; 1Pe 1:7). The long years before the fulfillment of Gen 37:7,9 meant a severe testing of Joseph’s faith. And how was he tried by the Word of God? (1) It was the predetermined counsel of God that Joseph endure trials, and (2) The detailed // of Joseph’s experience with the antitype Jesus necessitated such trials (cp Act 7:52). Or is this simply two ways of saying the same thing?

Psa 105:21

Vv 21,22: Does this mean there was an active and organized opposition to Joseph, that had finally to be dealt with? Was it because he was a Hebrew? He who was “bound” (v 18) now “binds” others! And here we may see the One who was judged, for a moment, yet nevertheless will be the eternal Judge of all his adversaries (Mat 26:64). However, the RSV (as the NIV) has “instruct” for “bind”; the two words are easily confused in the Hebrew. “Instruct” would yield a // with the latter part of the verse. Or, alternatively, “bind… at his pleasure” (KJV) could be translated “bind to his person”, as a gifted teacher would bind his students to him, in trust and respect.

Psa 105:22

AND TEACH HIS ELDERS WISDOM: Does this explain Akhnaton, the only known monotheistic Pharaoh?

Psa 105:23

Shem the blessed came to lodge awhile with Ham the cursed; the “dove” settled down momentarily in the nest of the “vulture”. “Lived”, or “sojourned” (AV; cp v 13 above; Gen 47:4), reminds us that the fairest land in “Egypt” is nevertheless in Egypt, and as such must be considered a temporary abode by God’s faithful.

Psa 105:24

Vv 24,25: This evil experience, like that of v 16, was the direct work of God. But how slow men are, even God’s own people, to learn the truth which shouts at them here — that even “darkness” and “evil” are created by God (Isa 45:7)! Certainly Joseph — who was a chief actor in much of this drama — learned well this lesson, that God’s providence can work in all circumstances, even ones that might be characterized as “evil”: see Gen 45:5,7; 50:20.

Psa 105:26

Vv 26-36: Cp with 10 plagues in Exodus. This list (Psa 105) is slightly different again from the one in Psa 78:43-51. Why the drastic dislocation of the plague of darkness? Is it because there was, from the beginning, spiritual darkness over Egypt? Or is it that the darkness sym God’s unceasing wrath, which always hung over Egypt (Joe 2:2; Zep 1:15)? And why the mysterious omission of the murrain of beasts, and of boils and blains? Because these were primarily on the cattle and not on man?

Psa 105:28

FOR HAD THEY NOT REBELLED AGAINST HIS WORDS?: The AV says, “They rebelled not”, which is almost certainly wrong (cp LXX, RV, RSV).

Psa 105:33

HE STRUCK DOWN THEIR… FIG TREES: A pattern of Christ’s cursing of the fig tree (Mat 21:18-22; Mar 11:12-14,20-26), as if to say that the Israel of his day was no better than the Egypt of Moses’ day.

Psa 105:37

Were they strengthened by the Passover meal or the exhilaration of deliverance? This illustrates that the premature deaths of practically that whole generation in the desert was for their sin, and not because of disease or hardship.

Psa 105:38

As Egypt feared the Israelites because of the plagues, and was glad when they departed, so “the great city, which spiritually is called… Egypt” (Rev 11:8), “makes merry” when the witnesses are killed (v 10), but fears greatly when they receive the Spirit of God and stand on their feet again (v 11). The fear and the rejoicing are the same in both cases. But, in Revelation, rather threateningly for the Apocalyptic “Egypt”, the rejoicing is supplanted by fear, and not the other way round. And so the last state of Egypt will be worse than the first.

Psa 105:39

A CLOUD AS A COVERING: As a canopy of protection from the burning heat of Sinai. See Psa 78:14; 121:5,6; Exo 13:21; 14:19,20; 1Co 10:1; Isa 4:5; Zec 2:5.

Psa 105:42

Allusion to his covenant with Abraham: see Gen 15:13,14.

Psa 105:44

HE GAVE THEM THE LANDS OF THE NATIONS: Jos 13:7; Psa 78:55. But ct Psa. 106:27: the One who gave could also — and did! — take away.

THEY FELL HEIR TO WHAT OTHERS HAD TOILED FOR: Normally “amim” means Israel (the twelve tribes), but here the context requires reference to Gentile Canaanites: see Jos 24:13; cp Deu 6:10,11; Joh 4:38).

Psa 105:45

• THAT THEY MIGHT KEEP HIS PRECEPTS AND OBSERVE HIS LAWS: This one word (“that”) covers the whole psalm. All the Providence of God was intended to achieve this one result. Yet it failed!

Psalms 106

Psa 106:1

See Lesson, Psalms, “Hallelujah”.

V 1: Yahweh is a God who keeps His promises, even though (as this psalm emphasizes) His people prove unworthy of His kindness.

Psa 106:3

BLESSED: The “Beatitudes” in the Psalms: Psa 1:1; 2:12; 32:1,2; 33:12; 34:8; 40:4; 41:1; 65:4; 84:4,5,12; 89:15; 94:12; 106:3; 112:1; 118:26; 119:1,2; 128:1,4.

Psa 106:5

THAT I MAY SHARE IN THE JOY OF YOUR NATION: The Heb word “goy” means Gentile. God’s people become “Gentiles” in their faithlessness. Perhaps vv 4,5 were inserted by Hezekiah, to commemorate the return of northern tribes to true worship of Jerusalem (2Ch 30:1-12; 1Ki 8:46-48).

Psa 106:6

Lit, “we have sinned WITH our fathers” (AV): the doctrine of corporate responsibility: “By one man’s disobedience many were made sinners” (Rom 5:19). “As in Adam all die” (1Co 15:22). The Bible has many examples of this: eg Daniel’s sustained use of “we, us” in Dan 9:5-19; Nehemiah’s comparable confession (1:6,7); 1Ki 8:31-53; Ezr 9:6; 1Ch 15:13; 21:13; 2Sa 21:1; Isa 59:8,9; Jer 3:25; Mat 18:25; 23:35,36; and esp Rom 5:12-21. There can be no disowning of the sin of the community of which one is a member. This is an important principle which still holds for the New Israel, despite its having been called in question during certain controversies, and despite the extremes of “block disfellowship” practiced in some Chdn circles.

According to the rabbis, this is an ascending order embodying all poss sins: (1) sins against oneself; (2) sins against one’s neighbor; and (3) sins against God. The same formula of three terms occurs in Solomon’s prayer (1Ki 8:47) and Daniel’s (9:5). These three dreadful words do not occur again in this psalm; but instead, what a catalogue there is! Note the descriptive words which follow: “provoked” (v 7), “forgat, waited not” (v 13), “lusted, tempted” (v 14), “envied” (v 16), “forgat” (v 21), “despised, believed not” (v 24), “murmured, hearkened not” (v 25), “provoked” (v 29), “provoked” (v 33), “went a whoring” (v 39), and “provoked” (v 43) again.

Psa 106:7

They “were rebellious” (RV), even before they were out of Egypt: Exo 14:11,12; cp vv. 33,43 here.

Psa 106:8

FOR HIS NAME’S SAKE: That is, for the sake of His promises to their fathers (Psa 105:42).

Psa 106:9

REBUKED: Sw Mat 8:26. Cp also Psa 65:7; 89:9; 93:3,4; 107:23-30.

Psa 106:10

SAVED: The Heb “ga’al” sig the act of a near-kinsman.

Psa 106:13

THEY SOON FORGOT: Exo 32:8. Lit, “they made haste to forget” (AV mg), that is, they wanted to forget! After the mighty works of Exo 14:21; 15:1 there came (starting only three days later! — Exo 15:22) the grumblings of Exo 15:24; 16:2; 17:2; etc.

“Their problem was forgetting. And forgetting came because of lack of understanding and of a deep intelligent impression. Day after day they witnessed the results of God’s mighty power on their behalf, and therefore lived by sight. But the impression made upon their animal minds was faint and superficial. They gobbled and grunted when He filled the trough, and squeaked and squealed when He did not, but they never really knew Him” (GAG).

AND DID NOT WAIT FOR HIS COUNSEL: Referring to the people’s impatience at Moses’ absence: see Exo 32:1. Here “counsel” means not only the Decalogue but also the other details of the Law which were to govern their lives.

Psa 106:14

Lit, “they lusted a lust” (Num 11:4, sw). What a dramatic ct there is in Luk 22:15, where sw (and Heb idiom) is used by Jesus: “With desire have I desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer.”

THEY PUT GOD TO THE TEST: There is no contradiction with Jam 1:13. God cannot be tempted to do evil; rather, His patience was “tested” (RSV) (cp Psa 78:18,41,56; 95:9).

Psa 106:15

Remarkably, the LXX has “fatness” (with ref to the excess of quails in Num 11:20,32?) instead of “a wasting disease”. If, however, “a wasting disease” is correct, the ref is to Num 11:33.

Psa 106:16

CONSECRATED: Recalls the complaint against Moses and Aaron: that they had made themselves the “holy” or elite ones, when in fact the whole congregation could lay claim to that title (Num 16:3-5).

Psa 106:19

AT HOREB THEY MADE A CALF: Act 7:41, emphasizing that this happened in the very place where the 10 Commandments were given (Exo 20:4,5; Deu 4:16).

Psa 106:20

WHICH EATS GRASS: There is a withering contempt in those last three words. In the Tabernacle the cherubim of glory were prob in the form of oxen (as they were in Solomon’s Temple: cp with 1Ki 7:25,29,44; 2Ch 4:3,4,15; WBS 170,181). The usual explanation that the golden calf was an imitation of Egypt’s idol Apis is a commentator’s fantasy. Furthermore, “These are your gods” (Exo 32:4,5) seems to require more than one ox, which accords well with the plural figures of the cherubim, but not with the singular “god” of Egypt.

THEY EXCHANGED THEIR GLORY: Quoted in Rom. 1:23. Ignorant Gentiles cannot change the Glory of God into any human or animal pattern, for the simple reason that they have never properly known the Glory of God in the first place. But this statement is lit true of Israel. This point, and several others, suggest that the common assessment of Rom 1 — ie that it is describing the depravity of the Gentile world — needs to be rethought (see Psa 81; WBS 305-308).

Psa 106:23

MOSES… STOOD IN THE BREACH: See Exo 32:9-14,30-35.

Moses did not seek to disavow the sins of the community over which God had placed him (cp v 6 here), but rather sought to take total responsibility for those sins. He stood fearlessly at the place where the line of defense had been broken, as a last protecting barrier for the nation helplessly at risk because of their sins. This is “the good shepherd” laying down his life for the sheep (Joh 10:11,15); it is the yearning of Paul to save his fellow-Israelites, even at his own expense (Rom 9:3). And it is David’s desire to be punished for the sins of the nation (2Sa 24:17). But all of these — stirring examples though they be — are but inadequate previews or echoes of the one and only great sacrifice, by which the Man Christ Jesus stood in the breach (cp Eze 22:30), and redeemed all his sinful brethren (Psa 49:7; Isa 59:16,17; Mar 10:45; Mat 20:28; Tit 2:14; Heb 9:12,15; 1Ti 2:6; 1Pe 1:18,19).

Psa 106:24

They relinquished all desire for the Land of Promise, by ignoring the reports of Joshua and Caleb (Num 14:31).

Psa 106:25

Quoting Deu 1:27, where to the one sin of grumbling is added the other of blasphemy.

Psa 106:26

2 oaths of God: for harm (Num 14:28,30) and for good (Num 14:21).

Psa 106:27

This language — “the nations”… “the lands” — clearly calls for a much wider application than that which ensued after Num 14. In fact, it appears to be quoting Moses’ own warning of later days: Lev 26:33-38; Deu 28:64-68. And so it is quoted later by Ezekiel: see Eze 20:23.

Psa 106:28

Num 25: The word “yoked” suggests the sin fornication (cp Paul in 1Co 6:16-18 and 2Co 6:14-17). The ref to “the dead” (AV) is either to the worship of dead idols (as NIV), called “No-gods”, or to the worship of departed spirits and the belief in the immortality of the soul (v 37, notes; Deu 32:17; cp 1Co 8:4,5; Isa 8:19; Deu 18:9-11).

Psa 106:30

INTERVENED: “Made atonement” (LXX), ie, by “sacrifice” of the offending “worshipers” (Num 25:7-11).

Psa 106:31

Such exceptional statements are made of only two men — Abraham is the other (Gen 15:6; Rom 4:3,9,22; Jam 2:23). And it is of course true also of all those who are “in Abraham” (Rom 4:24,25).

Psa 106:33

THEY REBELLED AGAINST THE SPIRIT OF GOD: This should prob be read as “God’s Spirit”, with ref to the Angel of the Lord (cp Isa 63:9,10).

AND RASH WORDS CAME FROM MOSES’ LIPS: No implication of reprobation behind the word translated “rash”; rather it means “emphatically”. The reprobation is in the phrase: “with his lips”, in the sense of “his own lips” instead of “with God’s guidance”: “Hear now, ye rebels, must we [Moses and Aaron — not Moses and God] fetch you water out of the rock?” (Num 20:10).

Psa 106:34

Jdg 1:27-29; 2:14-22 is an extended commentary on this and the next nine vv.

Psa 106:37

DEMONS: “Shedim” (transl “devils” in AV). Sig “destroyers”, a play on the name of the Almighty: “Shaddai”. Instead of God-blessed fruitfulness, they chose a gross parody: the Canaanite fertility cults, and what would bring their spiritual destruction. Both occurrences of “shedim” in LXX are translated by “daimonion” in the NT: ref to idols and not to any disembodied “spirits”. In this sense the NT occasionally uses “daimonion” (1Co 10:20,21; Rev 9:20; 1Ti 4:1).

Psa 106:45

FOR THEIR SAKE HE REMEMBERED HIS COVENANT: What a moving ct with vv 13,21! “Yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee” (Isa 48:15).

AND OUT OF HIS GREAT LOVE HE RELENTED: But of course God does not “repent” in the lit sense of the term. He is not a man that He should repent (1Sa 15:29). Then why does Scripture use this kind of language so often about Him? The only alternative to asserting, time and again, that the words of the Bible do not mean what they say, is to accept that God uses this kind of terminology because He wants His people to think of Him in this way. This is what is best for them. (For fuller details on this theme, see WRev 271, 272.)

Psa 106:47

This v invites comparison with 1Ki 8:49,50. One fulfillment of this desired deliverance from captivity was in Ezra and Nehemiah; but such Scriptures as Isa 49:8-26 indicate that the massive captivity rounded up by Sennacherib (as described in the Taylor Prism) had an early and happy release, thanks to the unquenchable faith of Hezekiah.

Psa 106:48

This “doxology” concludes Book 4 of the Psalms.

FROM EVERLASTING TO EVERLASTING: Spoken by all the people (amim = Israel, all of them!). “And so all Israel shall be saved” (Rom 11:26,27; Isa 59:20; Jer 31:31), but only when their sins are forgiven and the Messiah comes.

Psalms 99

Psa 99:1

HISTORICAL SETTING: Like the others in this group, the awe-inspiring theophany in Hezekiah’s reign, a manifestation which destroyed Sennacherib’s army and saved Jerusalem.

THE LORD REIGNS: Psa 93:1; 97:1. Despite the boastful blasphemy of Rabshakeh, Yahweh (and not Sennacherib) is the great King.

LET THE NATIONS TREMBLE: Not only Assyrians, but “sinners in Zion” were afraid of the majesty of the Lord (Isa 33:14).

(NT) How many prophecies of the kingdom have terrifying pictures of earthquakes (Isa 2:10,19; Zec 14:4; Rev 6:12; 11:19; 16:18)!

HE SITS ENTHRONED BETWEEN THE CHERUBIM: “He sitteth above (not ‘between’) the cherubim” (AV) (Psa 80:1; cp Exo 25:21,22; Lev 16:2; 2Ch 7:1,2; Isa 37:16), as described in Eze 1:26-28; the ark of the covenant was his footstool (v 5). “He sits enthroned upon the cherubim” (RSV).

LET THE EARTH SHAKE: “The Lord of all the earth” is a title of God esp connected with the Cherubim (see on Psa 97:5). Evidently the great deliverance was also associated with earthquake (Psa 18:7,10; 97:4; Isa 6:4).

Psa 99:2

The sight of the Shekinah Glory is particularly associated with this period (as with the time of Moses and Aaron): Isa 6:2; 30:30-33; 37:36; 38:8.

Psa 99:3

See Isa 31:8,9. “Terrible” (AV for “awesome”) is certainly the right word!

Psa 99:4

“Strength… establish” are specific allusions, again, to Boaz and Jachin — the twin pillars of the Temple (1Ki 7:21).

Psa 99:5

HIS FOOTSTOOL: The Ark of the Covenant, and the Temple — where the Almighty resides (Psa 132:7; Lam 2:1; 1Ch 28:2; Isa 60:13; 66:1).

HE IS HOLY: “And the four beasts… rest not day and night, saying, ‘Holy, holy, holy (3 times!: cp Psa 99:3,5,9 here), Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come’ ” (Rev 4:8).

Psa 99:6

MOSES AND AARON… SAMUEL: Moses and Aaron were prophet and priest. Samuel was both. All these offered sacrifice, made a covenant, interceded (Samuel means ‘God hears him’: see v 6), and had experience of the cloudy pillar. And all three knew both the vengeance and the forgiveness of God.

Moses and Samuel are mentioned together again in Jer 15:1, as outstanding examples of intercessors on behalf of Israel; thus, in a slightly more general sense than Aaron, they were both his priests also. This ref to Samuel is appropriate enough, for through his intercession there was more than once a “theophany” and a deliverance of Israel: 1Sa 7:8-10 (and note how v 14 had its counterpart in Hezekiah’s time); 1Sa 8:7; 12:12 (‘the Lord reigneth’), 1Sa 8:19,23 (Samuel’s intercession; cp Hezekiah’s in Isa 37:15-20).

In speaking of these three men together and in this way, the psalmist is demonstrating, almost incidentally, that he believed in the God of the living and not the dead, and that there WILL be a resurrection (cp Mat 22:32; Mar 12:27; Luk 20:38)!

Psa 99:7

HE SPOKE TO THEM FROM THE PILLAR OF CLOUD: Exo 13:21; Num 12:5; 14:14; Deu 31:15. Cp also the description of Christ’s coming, “in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory” (Mat 24:30; see Psa 97:2n). This will be God’s ultimate, and climactic, “speaking” with men!

Psa 99:8

Vengeance and forgiveness were the double experience of Hezekiah’s reign. Vengeance: Isa 8:7; 10:5,6. Forgiveness — shown by the dramatic deliverance. The Name of Yahweh comprehends both awesome judgment and infinite mercy (Exo 34:6,7).

A FORGIVING GOD: (NT) Only poss when God’s people repent: and it will be such a repentance that brings the 2nd Coming (see refs, Psa 81:13,14).

THOUGH YOU PUNISHED THEIR MISDEEDS: (1) of Moses and Aaron’s days: the golden calf; (2) of Samuel’s day: the ark being superstitiously carried into battle. And — of Christ’s day — the various “traditions of men” that nullified the gospel message he preached.