Proverbs 17

Pro 17:1

When battered by soaring prices, we are tempted to think that we could cope better and be happier if we were wealthy.

Not really, according to a study of graduates from a major American university. The careers of 140 of the graduates of the 1974 class in business administration were closely followed for five years. The researcher categorized the graduates into three groups: top-paid graduates whose average salaries were $75,000; the medium salary range with $38,000 annually; the low salary group with $25,000 annually. At the end of the five-year period, he found that unhappiness in the high income group had increased dramatically. The low income group was happier with its family and lifestyle. The medium salary group also was ahead of the high income group in its satisfaction with life.

Pro 17:2

A WISE SERVANT: Gentiles who are faithful (Rom 9:8).

A DISGRACEFUL SON: Jews who are unfaithful. Cp parable prodigal son (Luk 15:11-32).

Pro 17:3

THE LORD TESTS THE HEART: “In the work here mentioned the object is to clear away the dross whether in the fining of metals or of human hearts, but the proverb does not suggest that there is a perfect analogy. Rather does it imply a difference. Metals may be purified by men with fining pot and furnace, but the heart can only be tried and cleansed by God. The process of fining is far more complex and wonderful than anything that can be effected with metals. It is not merely a matter of removing dross, but something quite new has to be introduced; new hopes, new desires and in fact ‘newness of life’ ” (PrPr).

Pro 17:14

See Lesson, Prov and strife.

In the spring of 1894, the Baltimore Orioles came to Boston to play a routine baseball game. But what happened that day was anything but routine. The Orioles’ John McGraw got into a fight with the Boston third baseman. Within minutes all the players from both teams had joined in the brawl. The warfare quickly spread to the grandstands. Among the fans the conflict went from bad to worse. Someone set fire to the stands and the entire ballpark burned to the ground. Not only that, but the fire spread to 107 other Boston buildings as well.

Pro 17:18

A MAN LACKING IN JUDGMENT STRIKES HANDS IN PLEDGE AND PUTS UP SECURITY FOR HIS NEIGHBOR: “In this matter adults often reveal less capacity for learning than children. They have the advantage of books containing all the accumulated wisdom of mankind, and beyond all this and permeating a great deal of it, there is the instruction that has come direct from God, yet the knowledge is very little used. Life is full of avoidable evils through men ignoring principles or rules of conduct which are perfectly well known, and which have had their wisdom demonstrated in every generation.

“Sometimes the individual failure is so obvious that almost all observers smile at it. I recall two instances of this kind in which the facts were related by the victim when sufficient time had passed for him to join in the amusement. The first was of a capable business man who lightheartedly put his name to paper and became surety for another without even knowing the full extent of his commitment. As is usual in such cases, the one thus assisted failed to pay his way, and the guarantor was for some weeks on the verge of ruin, not knowing when the crushing blow would fall. While in this worried condition he one day opened the Bible to find a little consolation, and almost the very first passage he read was one in Proverbs warning men against the very folly he had committed. ‘What a foolish man I am’, he thought. ‘I have carelessly brought myself into this trouble, when all the while the whole matter is explained in the Bible in the most up-to-date manner. If I had read it before I might have been warned’ ” (PrPr).

STRIKES HANDS: “It is interesting to note the expression ‘strike hands’ in this connection. It suggests that without any signature, the offering and acceptance of the hand would constitute a bond which no one would repudiate. We may sometimes see in English cattle markets a custom which is probably a survival of that to which the wise man refers. Two men will be haggling over the price of a beast. Finally the vendor, having made a concession, declares that he will take nothing less. He holds out his right hand, stating the price, and perhaps with quite a dramatic indication of finality. The buyer, with no show of enthusiasm, and without saying a word, strikes the outstretched hand with his own palm and the sale is effected. Surely a survival from three thousand years or more” (PrPr).

Pro 17:19

See Lesson, Prov and strife.

Proverbs 18

Pro 18:9

The interpretation is difficult. It seems that the destruction must be similar to the idea of work done in a slack manner, ie a half-hearted job. Therefore, since a half-hearted job is seldom good enough to be profitable, it’s about as good as a piece of work that has been destroyed.

Pro 18:10

Cp Jdg 9:51.

THE NAME OF THE LORD IS A STRONG TOWER; THE RIGHTEOUS RUN TO IT AND ARE SAFE: Ref practice of an endangered man calling upon the name of some great sheik (even if personally unknown to him). If he is then harmed or slain by his enemy, the great sheik will be compelled to avenge him (Str Scr 77).

Pro 18:12

BEFORE HIS DOWNFALL A MAN’S HEART IS PROUD: “It is an old and common saying, that ‘coming events cast their shadows before them;’ the wise man teaches us that a haughty heart is the prophetic prelude of evil. Pride is as safely the sign of destruction as the change of mercury in the weather-glass is the sign of rain; and far more infallibly so than that. When men have ridden the high horse, destruction has always overtaken them. Let David’s aching heart show that there is an eclipse of a man’s glory when he dotes upon his own greatness (2Sa 24:10). See Nebuchadnezzar, the mighty builder of Babylon, creeping on the earth, devouring grass like oxen, until his nails had grown like bird’s claws, and his hair like eagle’s feathers (Dan 4:25)” (CHS).

Pro 18:16

A GIFT OPENS THE WAY…: Jacob sending gifts to Esau: Gen 32:13.

Proverbs 19

Pro 19:17

AND HE WILL REWARD HIM: …Since God is indebted to no man! He pays wonderful “interest” on loans to Him!

Pro 19:18

See Lesson, Prov, parents and children.

Pro 19:21

Man must approach God only in the way appointed: Gen 4 (Cain), 1Ki 5 (Naaman).

Pro 19:24

It is to be doubted that any man has ever been, truly, this lazy. But the Scripture uses hyperbole, or exaggeration, to make the point: IF a man could be so lazy as not to bother eating, when the food is prepared and placed right before him… then a man might be so lazy — and foolish! — as to refuse the nourishment of the Word of God, even when the Bible is at hand, or on his bookshelf, and in his lap. The sad fact is that the second of these pictures is very often true.

It reminds us of the story of the shipwrecked men, adrift in the open sea, who were dying of thirst. When they finally sighted and got the attention of an ocean liner, they called out, desperately, “Please give us water!” And they were told, “Reach into the water beside you, and drink it!” It was only then that they discovered that their little raft had drifted into the great outflow area of the Amazon River, and that for miles around, the waters of the river had overwhelmed the salt waters, and they had been floating upon waters that were pure and fresh and perfectly safe to drink!

Food and drink, nourishment beyond imagining, is at our fingertips. Open your Bibles. “Eat!” “Drink!”

Proverbs 20

Pro 20:3

“Alas! We have known many such troubles and we have no great hope that either this or any other appeal will do much good. There are men who will agitate until they swamp the boat rather than have the sails set in any way other than their own. There are many occasions in life when ‘it is an honour for a man to cease from strife’, but this is an honour to which many men do not aspire” (PrPr). See Lesson, Prov and strife.

Pro 20:6

MANY A MAN CLAIMS TO HAVE UNFAILING LOVE, BUT A FAITHFUL MAN WHO CAN FIND?: “Our words are the first things people hear. They can be the fastest way to judge a character, but it can also be one of the most inaccurate. What we may say about ourselves will only be confirmed by the way we act. We will be found out to either be true to our word or liars. Do we claim to have unfailing love for our God, our husbands, wives or families? Test yourself and look at your actions as another person would look at them, or better still, as God sees you. Are we sometimes unfaithful even in small ways?” (RP).

Pro 20:8

HE WINNOWS OUT ALL EVIL WITH HIS EYES: Christ with the woman taken in adultery (Joh 8).

Pro 20:12

“Who has made man’s mouth?” (Exo 4:10).

Pro 20:14

“Having mentioned such a buyer [who showed little enthusiasm when seeking to purchase the article] we may observe his methods and then follow him home. He has not said much during the negotiations and all that he has said has been to depreciate the value of the thing offered. It is a poor beast and he is not at all anxious to buy. When the sale is effected, however, and he goes home with his purchase, it is quite probable that his tone will change completely. It was the best animal in the market and he only gave such a figure for it! Just as Solomon observed three thousand years ago. ‘It is nought, it is nought, saith the buyer, but when he has gone his way then he boasteth’ [AV]” (PrPr).

Pro 20:15

Cp Pro 8:11; Mat 13:45.

Pro 20:16

PUTS UP SECURITY: Cp Pro 6:1; 11:15; 17:18; 22:26; 27:13.

Pro 20:27

If as in mg [‘the spirit of man is the LORD’s lamp’], then ref the power of intelligent self-awareness, or conscience, enabling a man to examine his own mental processes subjectively.

Pro 20:30

BEATINGS PURGE THE INMOST BEING: Cp “stripes” of Isa 53:3 esp. “Faithful are wounds of a friend” (Pro 27:6). “We are chastened of LORD, not to be condemned with world (1Co 11:32). Cp Pro 19:25; 22:15; 26:3; Heb 12:5-11; 1Pe 1:7; Job 23:10.

Proverbs 21

Pro 21:1

See Dan 4:17,35; Gen 20:6 / Psa 105:14,15; Gen 41:37-45; Ezr 1:1 / Neh 1:1; Isa 10:7; Est 6:1,2.

WATERCOURSE: Not a river, but a small irrigation channel — easily diverted.

“This is another way of saying that God rules in the kingdoms of men, a doctrine found in all parts of Scripture. Even the wicked are used as the divine sword for the punishing of other wicked. The proverb, however suggests more than this. It gives us a glimpse of the process by which the hearts of kings may be turned. It is not by a direct influence such as would make a man into a machine. It is rather as we turn the course of water, placing obstacles here and removing them there to guide the stream as we desire. The Scriptures furnish many illustrations of this principle. The King of Egypt was influenced by that which he saw and heard. The partial success of his magicians hardened his heart. The Syrians were driven from Samaria by the sound as of a host approaching. It was not in the heart of the king of Assyria to perform any work for God, but he was lured by the prospect of spoil and the hope of power. There have been illustrations of this truth in our days, nations deterred by obstacles or encouraged by easy success have taken their proper places in the world; for the heart of the king is still in the hand of the Lord, turned like a stream of water into the channel designed for it” (PrPr).

Pro 21:3

Cp 1Sa 15:22; Isa 1:11; Jer 7:22; Hos 6:6; Mic 6:6-8.

Pro 21:4

LAMP: “Ploughing” in KJV. But by a vowel change, “lamp”. Cp usage: Pro 13:9; 24:20. The outwardly bright prosperity of the wicked. Principle of Tit 1:15.

Pro 21:5

The diligent is usually contrasted with slothful, but here with hasty. Cp Heb 12:1; Mat 13:20,21.

Pro 21:6

Cp Judas; Jos 7:21-26; 2Ki 5:21-27.

FLEETING VAPOR: A desert mirage?

Pro 21:9

Better the tempest without than the “tempest” within! Importance of choosing a good wife: Pro 18:22; 19:14; 1Pe 3:4.

Alternate translation (LXX): “…than in plastered (white-washed) rooms with unrighteousness, and in a common (ie unclean) house.” Allusion to Temple being unclean: cp Act 23:3.

Pro 21:10

Cp Mat 18:23-35: parable of debtors.

Pro 21:11

The simple must see a demonstration, but the wise will listen to a warning.

Pro 21:12

Ct Psa 73:2-14: an unwise consideration of the wicked. Cp Psa 73:16-22: A wise consideration of the wicked.

Pro 21:13

SHUTS HIS EARS TO THE CRY OF THE POOR: See Pro 29:7; Luk 10:30-32.

Pro 21:15

JOY: “Delight” (Psa 40:8; Joh 4:32-34), an easy yoke (Mat 11:28,29). Ct joy of ungodly, in sport (Pro 10:23; 26:18,19) and in sin (Pro 15:21).

Pro 21:16

COMES TO REST IN THE COMPANY OF THE DEAD: The permanent hold of death on the children of folly, without ref to the resurrection, a mere incident in the way (Xd 35:293). Ct 2Ti 3:14,15; cp 2Pe 2:21; Jam 1:24. Isa 53:6: we are ALL wanderers.

DEAD: “Rephaim”: sw Job 26:5; Psa 88:10n; Pro 2:18; 9:18; Isa 14:9; 26:14,19.

Pro 21:17

HE WHO LOVES PLEASURE WILL BECOME POOR: “The way to enjoy pleasure is not to love it, but to live above it.” Cp 1Co 7:30,31. “Earthly joys are vain indeed; they MAY leave us; we MUST leave them.”

WHOEVER LOVES WINE AND OIL WILL NEVER BE RICH: Examples in Jdg 16:1-21; Luk 15:13-16.

Pro 21:18

RANSOM: Sw “sum of money” / “ransom” in Exo 21:30; 30:12,13. Cp word and usage in Isa 43:3.

Pro 21:20

AND OIL: Cp parable of 10 virgins (Mat 25:1).

Pro 21:21

See Mat 6:33; Phi 3:12-14; 1Ti 4:8; Rom 2:7; Gal 5:23; 2Pe 1:6.

Pro 21:22

A WISE MAN ATTACKS…: “Our warfare”, as in 2Co 10:4; cp Luk 14:31,32. “Even in warfare, intelligence and counsel does more than brute strength.”

Pro 21:23

Cp Jam 3:5-13; Mat 15:11-20.

Pro 21:25

Mental laziness kills, as does procrastination.

Pro 21:26

THE RIGHTEOUS GIVE: “Freely give” (Mat 10:8). Giving also in showing mercy to others: Mat 6:12; 18:23.

Pro 21:27

Cp 1Sa 15:22; 2Sa 15:7-13; Pro 7:14,15; Rom 6:1; Mat 23:14; Mal 1:7,8.

Pro 21:28

Examples of true witnesses: Rev 3:14; Joh 3:11.

Pro 21:29

See Deu 32:5. Examples: Gen 4:8,9; 2Ki 5:25; Mat 26:47-49; Pro 7:10-13.

Pro 21:30

See Pro 16:33; 19:21; Isa 54:17.

Pro 21:31

THE HORSE IS MADE READY FOR THE DAY OF BATTLE: Do not put confidence in horses: Deu 17:16; Psa 20:7,8; 33:17; 147:10; Isa 31:1; 2Ki 6:14-17. Cp 1Sa 17:45.

VICTORY RESTS WITH THE LORD: Or, as KJV, “Safety is of the LORD.”

“Hold fast. All present things will pass. God never changes. The Truth never changes. All evil is temporary. All good is eternal. The present is but for a moment. The future is forever. Regardless of the sorrow, the disappointment, the griefs, the losses, the betrayal of those we trusted, the pettiness of those we respected, the antagonism of those we looked to for friendship, the weakness of those we looked to for strength — still all is as it should be, all things are working together for good. All we need to do is hold fast in faith, in unwavering assurance, in calm confidence, yea, in thankful joy and cheerful rejoicing. The dross is a mountain: but the gold is but a handful. All we see at present is the mountain: the gold is there, and will endure when all else is gone. Just leave it all to God to work out in His time — and labor and pray every moment that you may be part of that which at last endures” (GVG).

Proverbs 22

Pro 22:1

See 1Ki 1:47; Rth 4:11; Ecc 7:1; Luk 10:20; Phi 4:3. And so Samuel chose a good name over riches: 1Sa 12:3.

GOOD: Sb omitted: a “name” (ie Yahweh) is more desirable than…

Pro 22:3

REFUGE: As Isa 26:20.

Pro 22:6

See Lesson, Prov, parents and children.

START A CHILD IN THE WAY HE SHOULD GO, AND WHEN HE IS OLD HE WILL NOT TURN FROM IT: “A statement of general tendencies and not of an inexorable law. Human beings are neither machines nor plants. They have a power of choice; they can respond to good influences or they can be rebellious. Some very good men have had a bad early training and some very bad men were given every opportunity in the instruction of their early days. One of the surprising discoveries made by each successive generation is that children differ from the very cradle” (PrPr).

Pro 22:12

THE EYES OF THE LORD KEEP WATCH OVER KNOWLEDGE: The Bible, preserved from and through antiquity, for our edification.

HE FRUSTRATES THE WORDS OF THE UNFAITHFUL: See 2Sa 17:14: the counsel of the unfaithful Ahithophel, frustrated by Hushai.

Pro 22:14

MOUTH OF AN ADULTERESS: Prob euphemism for vagina: cp same idea in Pro 30:20.

Pro 22:15

See Lesson, Prov, parents and children.

Pro 22:20

THIRTY: This translation is based on LXX. Supposedly 30 sections from here through Pro 24:22 (CPro).

Pro 22:26

DO NOT BE A MAN WHO STRIKES HANDS IN PLEDGE OR PUTS UP SECURITY FOR DEBTS: Never lend money unless you can afford to lose it. “In this matter adults often reveal less capacity for learning than children. They have the advantage of books containing all the accumulated wisdom of mankind, and beyond all this and permeating a great deal of it, there is the instruction that has come direct from God, yet the knowledge is very little used. Life is full of avoidable evils through men ignoring principles or rules of conduct which are perfectly well known, and which have had their wisdom demonstrated in every generation.

“Sometimes the individual failure is so obvious that almost all observers smile at it. I recall two instances of this kind in which the facts were related by the victim when sufficient time had passed for him to join in the amusement. The first was of a capable business man who lightheartedly put his name to paper and became surety for another without even knowing the full extent of his commitment. As is usual in such cases, the one thus assisted failed to pay his way, and the guarantor was for some weeks on the verge of ruin, not knowing when the crushing blow would fall. While in this worried condition he one day opened the Bible to find a little consolation, and almost the very first passage he read was one in Proverbs warning men against the very folly he had committed. ‘What a foolish man I am’, he thought. ‘I have carelessly brought myself into this trouble, when all the while the whole matter is explained in the Bible in the most up-to-date manner. If I had read it before I might have been warned’ ” (PrPr).

STRIKES HANDS: “It is interesting to note the expression ‘strike hands’ in this connection. It suggests that without any signature, the offering and acceptance of the hand would constitute a bond which no one would repudiate. We may sometimes see in English cattle markets a custom which is probably a survival of that to which the wise man refers. Two men will be haggling over the price of a beast. Finally the vendor, having made a concession, declares that he will take nothing less. He holds out his right hand, stating the price, and perhaps with quite a dramatic indication of finality. The buyer, with no show of enthusiasm, and without saying a word, strikes the outstretched hand with his own palm and the sale is effected. Surely a survival from three thousand years or more” (PrPr).

Pro 22:28

ANCIENT BOUNDARY STONE: As the landmarks, or bounds, of the land when divided amongst tribes and families, etc. Cp Deu 19:14; 27:17; Hos 5:10.

Proverbs 24

Pro 24:3

HOUSE: Ecclesia (1Pe 2:5), city of Rev 21; Eph 2:20-22.

Pro 24:12

See Lesson, Double negative, Hebrew.

Pro 24:16

Notice: the “righteous man” falls many times; and — apparently — the “wicked man” falls only once. BUT… the righteous man keeps getting up!

“In order to succeed you must fail, so that you know what not to do the next time” (Anthony J. D’Angelo).

Pro 24:23

See Deu 1:17. Cp Job’s experiences: trials and persecutions may be punishment for wicked, OR chastening for righteous (1Pe 1:7; 1Co 11:32; Heb 12:6).

Pro 24:26

See Lesson, Honesty (GG).

Pro 24:27

Count the cost: Luk 14:28; Mat 7:24-27. Determine to finish what is started; do not serve two masters: Mat 6:24.

Pro 24:30

Judgment parables: vineyard (Mat 20:1-16), talents (Mat 25:14-28), virgins (Mat 25:1-12).

Pro 24:31

WEEDS: Tares in Mat 23:24-30.

Pro 24:33

Vv 33,34: “The worst of sluggards only ask for a little slumber; they would be indignant if they were accused of thorough idleness. A little folding of the hands to sleep is all they crave, and they have a crowd of reasons to show that this indulgence is a very proper one. Yet by these littles the day ebbs out, and the time for labour is all gone, and the field is grown over with thorns.

“It is by little procrastinations that men ruin their souls. They have no intention to delay for years — a few months will bring the more convenient season — tomorrow if you will, they will attend to serious things; but the present hour is so occupied and altogether so unsuitable, that they beg to be excused. Like sands from an hour-glass, time passes, life is wasted by driblets, and seasons of grace lost by little slumbers.

“Oh, to be wise, to catch the flying hour, to use the moments on the wing! May the Lord teach us this sacred wisdom, for otherwise a poverty of the worst sort awaits us, eternal poverty. Like a traveller steadily pursuing his journey, poverty overtakes the slothful, and ruin overthrows the undecided: each hour brings the dreaded pursuer nearer; he pauses not by the way, for he is on his master’s business and must not tarry. As an armed man enters with authority and power, so shall want come to the idle, and death to the impenitent, and there will be no escape. O that men were wise betimes, and would seek diligently unto the Lord Jesus, or ere the solemn day shall dawn when it will be too late to plough and to sow, too late to repent and believe. In harvest, it is vain to lament that the seed time was neglected” (CHS).

“Here the literal meaning is obvious enough and there is no difficulty in applying the description just as it stands. The main danger of wrong application would be from those who have had little experience of gardens. They might judge a man as slothful when he had only been away for a short holiday or a few days of illness. The garden, however, is only an illustration, and there are lessons in this rapid growth of weeds. Wherever the surface of the soil presents itself seeds will fall and weeds will grow. Wherever there is unoccupied surface of mind, impressions will be made and thoughts will develop. Wrong thoughts seem as hardy as weeds while right thoughts are like rare and tender plants. Just as weeds, unless they are eradicated in the early stages will quickly run to seed and increase the evil, so it is with wrong thoughts in the mind” (PrPr).

Pro 24:34

LIKE A BANDIT: Moving swiftly: cp Pro 6:11; Psa 104:3.

Proverbs 25

Pro 25:2

The types of the Law: to teach righteousness.

“We should not have anticipated this thought, but all experience shows that it is fundamentally true. Men have often found that all their attempts to understand the laws of Nature have only opened up a vista of increased complexity. Last century the materialists were in the ascendant and for a time imagined that they were on the point of explaining everything. Now they are discredited and it is acknowledged that the universe is far more mysterious than our forefathers ever imagined. Last century the food experts thought that they knew all about the subject of nutrition; then, through the practical failure of their theories, vitamins were discovered, and now experts who certainly know far more than their predecessors, admit as Mr. Eustace Miles once wrote: ‘We really know very little about the matter.’ At one time the ductless glands of the body were regarded as useless, now they are found to be so mysteriously important that some investigators have claimed that they are practically everything.

“As in Nature so in the written Word, God has concealed things and has called upon His servants to exercise their minds in searching for the treasures of divine wisdom. It has always been ‘line upon line, precept upon precept, here a little and there a little.’ Faithful men and women try to put the littles together and in the process find the mental exercise which brings their minds nearer to God” (PrPr).

“The Bible is the Word of God. Inspired men wrote as God gave them the message. The word of God is perfect. There are no mistakes in it, and it has been preserved for thousands of years and translated into our native languages so that we are able to read the message God had given us. But it is more than just a message from God to man — it is an invitation to become part of the family of God and to live with Him through eternity. Every page and every letter of this amazing book is there for a reason; it carries the signature of God. All the way through the Bible are patterns, types and prophecies that God has hidden from plain view and urges us to search out. The whole message of the Bible can be seen in what seem like simple stories in the text. Even lists of people’s ancestors can tell their own incredible story if we just take the time to search out the jewels that God has hidden. Show your worth, honour and glory by searching his word today” (RP).

Pro 25:4

Faith as gold that has been refined: 1Pe 1:7; Lam 4:1,2. Cp Mal 3:8; Lev 6:28; 2Co 4:10,11.

Pro 25:6

Take the lowest place: Luk 14:8-10; cp Mat 23:12.

Pro 25:8

DO NOT BRING HASTILY TO COURT: Be careful, like a king going to war: Luk 14:31.

Pro 25:11

APTLY SPOKEN: “Revolving around”, or “encircling”. Making the word of God the center of one’s life, around which everything revolves. Cp idea of cherubim/chariot wheels.

APPLES OF GOLD IN SETTINGS OF SILVER: Prob carvings of fruit in gold, in settings of silver.

APPLES: The Heb “tappuwach” is prob derived from the Hebrew root meaning “scent, breath” which is related to the Arabic root meaning “fragrant scent” (HAL). Hence, the term ref to a fruit with a fragrant scent. The term occurs 4 times in Song (Song 2:3,5; 7:8; 8:5) and twice outside (Pro 25:11; Joe 1:12). It may ref to “apples” or “apricots” — known esp for their fragrance. “…Sometimes associated with the ‘apple’ tree, but while domesticated apple trees are now found in Israel, wild specimens are not believed to have grown there in biblical times since it is a tree native to the northern hemisphere. Apricots, however, grow in warmer climes and are native to China; they have long been abundant in Israel and most prob were introduced in Bible times. Apricots in Cyprus are still known as ‘golden apples’ [poss ref to Pro 25:11?]” (ABD).

Pro 25:13

Seasons controlled by God (Gen 8:21,22), as a token of God’s plan for the earth.

COOLNESS: Refreshing: v 25.

MESSENGER: Or angel: Rev 3:15.

Pro 25:15

“There is no incongruity in these apparently opposing thoughts. The gentle and reasonable answer to angry declamation will calm the storm. The fire of anger will die down for lack of fuel, or the irate man will make an effort to calm himself for very shame. At the same time the reasonable appeal, gently stated, will sometime prevail even against ossified determination” (PrPr). See Lesson, Prov and strife.

“The fact is that most men judge the value of an argument from the wrong side. They appraise the efforts of their spokesman by their own reactions instead of trying to determine what the effect will be in the opposite camp. It may be pleasant to hear vigorous and emphatic declamation in the presentation of ideas that we hold. It may be even pleasanter to hear biting sarcasm at the expense of those who hold doctrines that we repudiate. On the other hand, it may seem disappointing to hear our cherished beliefs presented in mild and temperate language, or to hear a perfectly fair and sympathetic review of that which we detest. If, however, we desire to persuade men and to turn them from darkness to light, the exercise of a little imagination ought to teach us that the declamation and the sarcasm are worse than useless, while the sympathetic understanding will pave the way for conversion and the mildly stated argument will linger in the memory and be a moving force long after the dust of controversy has cleared away. It is the soft answer that breaketh the bone” (PrPr).

Pro 25:17

Temperance: Gal 5:23; 2Pe 1:6.

Pro 25:18

See Lesson, Double negative, Hebrew.

Pro 25:22

Cited Rom 12:20.

BURNING COALS: Sym judgments of God: Psa 11:6; 140:10; 2Sa 22:13.

ON HIS HEAD: Where brazier might be carried when going to a neighbor’s house to borrow a fire (Str Scr 32). Heaping burning coals on your enemy’s head figuratively describes doing good that results in the conviction and shame of the enemy. The expression alludes to the old custom of carrying burning coals in a pan. When one’s fire went out at home, a person would have to go to a neighbor and request hot coals that he or she would then carry home on the head. Carrying the coals involved some danger, discomfort, and uneasiness for the person carrying them. Nevertheless they were the evidence of the neighbor’s love. Likewise the person who receives good for evil feels uncomfortable because of his neighbor’s love. This guilt may convict the wrongdoer of his or her ways in a gentle manner.

Pro 25:27

See Lesson, Double negative, Hebrew.

Seek God’s honor, not one’s own: 2Co 12:1; Luk 14:7-11; 18:10-14.

Pro 25:28

“Bring body into subjection” (1Co 9:27).

SELF-CONTROL: “One of the best business exhortations I ever read was on the subject of habits. It was not merely a condemnation of bad habits on the lines of ordinary moral maxims. It pointed out that habits of many kinds may be developed; and the subconscious powers of the brain furnish us with a whole army of servants, which may be so well trained as to become most efficient helps, or so mismanaged as to become our masters. Cultivate good habits, and the higher part of the brain is left free to perform the work which it alone can accomplish. The right thing is done at the right time as a matter of routine, regular duties are performed with the same instinctive certainty that calls us to the breakfast table in the morning, and the higher part of the brain is able to devote itself more thoroughly to the realm of pure thought” (ConCon 139).

Proverbs 26

Pro 26:3

HORSE: Related to war (Job 39:19,21), but is stubborn and vain (Psa 147:10; 33:17), unrepentant (Jer 8:5,6), and must first be chastised — the whip (Jam 3:3; 1Co 4:21).

DONKEY: An unclean animal, but could be redeemed and loosed on Sabbath (Luk 13:15), more submissive (Isa 1:3) and peaceful (Zec 9:9; Joh 12:14), but still needed guidance (halter).

ROD: Guidance, as provided by a shepherd. Lit “scepter”: perhaps of Christ (Isa 11:4).

Pro 26:4

See Mat 7:6.

Pro 26:5

Practically illustrated by the incident of the question of John’s baptism: “By whose authority?” (Mat 21:24-27; cp Luk 20:1-8).

Pro 26:6

DRINKING VIOLENCE: That is, planning violence while drinking (cp Pro 4:17).

Pro 26:7

Such a parable does not proceed smoothly, but falls of its own weight.

Pro 26:8

Isa 7:7.

IT WILL NOT TAKE PLACE, IT WILL NOT HAPPEN: Judah will be safe from the depredations of Syria and Israel; God has guaranteed it!

Pro 26:9

A drunkard is insensible to pain! cannot be rebuked…

Pro 26:14

AS A DOOR TURNS ON ITS HINGES, SO A SLUGGARD TURNS ON HIS BED: “We have never encountered one who was attached to his bed quite as securely as a door is attached to its hinges. All these sayings are lively caricatures of human weaknesses… The door turning on its hinges may serve a useful purpose, allowing entrance to a room while keeping out the wind, but the sluggard turning on his bed performs no service of any kind. This seems like a caricature of a man who cannot make up his mind. Is indecision really one of the effects of sloth? We can imagine that men who experience difficulty in making decisions would answer this question with an emphatic No. They spend much mental energy in their careful weighing of arguments and so they multiply the tasks which a sluggard would scheme to avoid. They would attribute their difficulties to an excess of caution, never to sloth” (PrPr).

Pro 26:15

“What an incredible picture is brought to the mind: a person starving to death but too lazy of pick up the food that is right there in front of him. How many people do you know that profess to be Christians yet would have great difficulty telling you where in the Bible the book of Hebrews is? Could they even tell you if it was in the OT or the NT? Could they even tell you if there was such a book in the Bible? Yet, there are few households in first world countries that don’t have a Bible somewhere in them” (KT).

Pro 26:17

Or, perhaps, “like one who takes a passing dog by the ears” (RSV).

See Lesson, Prov and strife.

LIKE ONE WHO SEIZES A DOG BY THE EARS: “This surely would be bad for the dog and bad also for the one who interfered. The intervener can rarely do any good in such a matter and he may easily do harm. Probably the only way in which such interference can end the original dispute is by turning the wrath of both combatants upon the would-be peacemaker” (PrPr 147).

IS A PASSER-BY WHO MEDDLES IN A QUARREL NOT HIS OWN: “Adults often reveal less capacity for learning than children. They have the advantage of books containing all the accumulated wisdom of mankind, and beyond all this and permeating a great deal of it, there is the instruction that has come direct from God, yet the knowledge is very little used. Life is full of avoidable evils through men ignoring principles or rules of conduct which are perfectly well known, and which have had their wisdom demonstrated in every generation.

“Sometimes the individual failure is so obvious that almost all observers smile at it. I recall two instances of this kind in which the facts were related by the victim when sufficient time had passed for him to join in the amusement… The other case was that of a young man who, when returning home one night, chanced to pass a low part of the city where there was a quarrel between man and wife. The young fellow, perceiving that the woman was being ill-treated, gallantly went to her assistance. He was, as he expressed it, ‘getting on very nicely’ in his contest with the man when the ungrateful woman came up behind and hit her champion on the head with a saucepan. According to his own account, the young man spent a carefree hour in the gutter before he came back to consciousness of this painful life. Then, as he limped slowly homeward, he began dimly to recall to memory certain maxims regarding the unwisdom of meddling with strife that does not belong to us” (PrPr).

Pro 26:19

See Lesson, Honesty (GG).

Pro 26:20

See Lesson, Prov and strife.

Pro 26:23

Basic idea: a bright glaze covering an impure substance.

A COATING OF GLAZE: Heb “kesep sigim”. KJV’s “silver dross” is basically meaningless. The NIV rendering is based on Hittite “zapzagu” (“glaze”), Ugaritic “spsg” (MNIV 99).

Pro 26:28

A LYING TONGUE HATES THOSE IT HURTS: “This is certainly not a principle of human conduct to light our way through life; but it is a primary fact of human weakness which we need to recognize. Keen observers in each generation discover the fact for themselves, and sometimes remark on it as a paradox. Yet it was more perfectly stated in the Proverbs of Solomon than ever by writers of later days.

“The converse truth has also been noted, although perhaps not put in this definite form: the truthful tongue loves those who are blest by it. There is nothing so fruitful of love as the practical works of love. Action sometimes has to precede feeling. Works of love may be undertaken only from a sense of duty, or for the love of Christ, and eventually the worker will develop a genuine love for the unattractive people who benefit by his labours” (PrPr).

Proverbs 27

Pro 27:1

Two wrongs: boasting about tomorrow (here), and fretting about tomorrow (Mat 6:34). See Jam 4:13 (because we must submit to God); Luk 12:16-21.

Pro 27:2

AND NOT YOUR OWN MOUTH: Which would be the act of a “fool”, as Paul says in 2Co 6:5-12; 12:11. Ct Mat 8:8 with Luk 7:3,4,9.

Pro 27:4

JEALOUSY: As of a wronged husband (Pro 6:34).

Pro 27:5

HIDDEN LOVE: That is, “love” that never shows itself in speaking truth or giving counsel (Pro 27:16). Cp Lev 19:17. Ct Pro 27:6!

Pro 27:6

KISSES: Judas in Mat 26:48-50.

Pro 27:7

HE WHO IS FULL LOATHES HONEY: Cp Num 11:4-20; 21:5; Psa 78:25: “this light bread”. Cp “rich” Laodiceans (Rev 3:17,18).

EVEN WHAT IS BITTER TASTES SWEET: Thus he rejoices in “bitter” tribulations, knowing they come from God.

Pro 27:8

See 1Co 7:24; Gen 34:1,2.

Pro 27:9

// Pro 7:17; 21:17.

Pro 27:10

AND THE FRIEND OF YOUR FATHER: Examples: 1Ki 5:1-10; Gen 48:15,16.

DO NOT GO TO YOUR BROTHER’S HOUSE: // Pro 17:17; 18:24. Better a friend who is “near” to us than even a brother who is “far away”.

Pro 27:13

A stranger should not be indiscriminately favored with a loan; he may use it for a prostitute: cp Pro 20:16. Cp, generally, Pro 6:1; 11:15; 17:18; 20:16; 22:26.

Pro 27:14

LOUDLY: That is, extravagantly, insincerely. Gratitude should be offered in secret (cp Mat 6:5,6; Pro 26:24,25; 27:2; Psa 12:2). Cp the flattery of Tertullus with the sincerity of Paul in Act 24:1-10, and the deceitful talk of the Pharisees in Mat 22:16.

CURSE: Men should not desire praise and flattery from other men.

Pro 27:15

// Pro 19:13.

A CONSTANT DRIPPING: Water leaking through clay roofs.

Pro 27:16

RESTRAINING THE WIND: Impossible. Such a woman is an embarrassment which cannot be hidden.

GRASPING OIL WITH THE HAND: “The ointment of thy right hand, which bewrayeth itself” (KJV). So very strong that, if a person walks by, the scent fills the street (LB 294).

Pro 27:17

Man was framed not for solitude but for society: see Mal 3:16. But remember that “iron sharpening iron” can generate a good deal of friction and heat… and can be rather unpleasant!

“This suggests that even those of equal knowledge and ability can sharpen each other. It is not necessary to have a qualified teacher to enable us to learn. A man’s ideas are ‘right in his own eyes, but his neighbour cometh and searcheth him.’ The neighbour may not be of equal calibre with the one he so ‘searches’ and yet his criticisms may be of great value. The original idea may need a good deal of modification to make it sound, and the explanatory words may need much clarifying to make them fully intelligible. We may often be surprised at the failure of our friends to appreciate a good thought or to understand language which seems perfectly clear to us. If we are to render service our thoughts must be such as can be appreciated and our language must be easy to understand. A very humble critic may serve us well by misunderstanding us, if he tells us of his difficulties” (PrPr).

Pro 27:18

Care for and nurture your important relationships, as you might a fruit tree. Cp Psa 33:20; 123:2; Mat 25:21.

Pro 27:19

The word of God as a mirror — to reveal clearly our hearts. Whatever the distinguishing characteristics in ourselves, we discover and elicit in others.

Pro 27:20

See Pro 30:6; ct Isa 55:1,2; Mat 11:28,29.

Pro 27:21

Observe what a man prides himself upon, and you will know what kind of man he is.

Pro 27:22

The child might so be changed (Pro 22:15), but not so easily the grown man.

Pro 27:23

In the spiritual sense (1Pe 5:2-4)…

Pro 27:25

That is, as the seasons follow one another in a natural progression…