Site Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used throughout The Agora in articles, commentary, books, daily exhortations, and editorials.

// — parallel passages
1Ch — 1 Chronicles
1Co — 1 Corinthians
1Jo — 1 John
1Ki — 1 Kings
1Ma — 1 Maccabees (Apocrypha)
1Pe — 1 Peter
1Sa — 1 Samuel
1Th — 1 Thessalonians
1Ti — 1 Timothy
13L — "Thirteen Lectures on the Apocalypse", by Robert Roberts
2Bab — "The Two Babylons", by Alexander Hislop
2Ch — 2 Chronicles
2Co — 2 Corinthians
2Jo — 2 John
2Ki — 2 Kings
2Ma — 2 Maccabees (Apocrypha)
2Pe — 2 Peter
2Sa — 2 Samuel
2Th — 2 Thessalonians
2Ti — 2 Timothy
3Jo — 3 John
ABD — Anchor Bible Dictionary
Abr — Abraham or Abram
Act or Acts — Acts of the Apostles
AD — "Anno Domini", years after birth of Christ, Common Era
ADI — "Accuracy Defined and Illustrated: An NIV Translator Answers Your Questions", by Kenneth Barker
Adv — Christadelphian Advocate Magazine
ADN — Alfred Norris
AE — Alan Eyre
AEx — "The Exiles Return", by Michael Ashton
AEz — "Ezekiel 1-39", by John Allfree
AG — Arthur Gibson
agst — against
AH — Alan Hayward
AHN — Alfred Nicholls
alt — alternate or alternative
altho — although
Amo — Amos
Anas — "Anastasis: a Treatise on Resurrection", by John Thomas
ANC — "A New Creation", by George Booker
ANE — ancient Near East
ANF — "Anti-Nicene Fathers", by Philip Schaff
Ant — "Antiquities of the Jews", by Josephus
AO — Anthony Oosthuizen
ApEp — "Apocalypse Epitomised", by HP Mansfield
Apoc — Acocalypse, or the Revelation of John
Appl — "An Appeal to Christadelphians", by Islip Collyer
approx — approximate
Aram — Aramaic
Arch Expl — "Archaeology Explains the Bible", by W.H. Boulton
art — article, as in "a" or "the"
ARV — American Revised Version
ASF — Apostolic Statement of Faith, referred to in "What Are the First Principles?", by George Booker
ASV — American Standard Version
ATJ — A.T. Jannaway
AV — Authorized Version (King James Version)
AWT — Aiden Wilson Tozer
Baly — "The Geography of the Bible", by Denis Baly
BAR — Biblical Archaeology Review
Barnes — "Notes on the New Testament", by Albert Barnes
BASF — Birmingham Amended Statement of Faith
BB — "Bible Basics", by Duncan Heaster
BBB — "Beyond Bible Basics", by Duncan Heaster
BBE — Bible in Basic English
BBk — Barbara Booker
BC — Before Christ, or before Common Era
BCol — "Colossians", by T.J. Barling
BDAG — "A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Christian Literature", by Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich
BDB — "A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament", by F. Brown, S.R. Driver, and C.A. Briggs
becs — because
Ber — Berean Christadelphian Magazine
betw — between
BEz — "Ezekiel", by W.H. Boulton
BF — "Biblical Fellowship", by George Booker
bgng — beginning
BI — "Biblical Illustrator", published by Joseph Exell
BibSac — Bibliotheca Sacra
BIC — "Brethren in Christ", by Alan Eyre
BL — "Minute Meditations", by Bob Lloyd (same as MM)
BLG — "Law and Grace", by W.F. Barling
BM — Bible Missionary Magazine
BOC — "The Blood of the Covenant", by John James Andrew
BPh — "Philippians", by T.J. Barling
BRus — Beverly Russell
bre — brethren
bro — brother
BS — Bible Student Magazine
BSF — Birmingham Statement of Faith
BSp — "The Bible and the Spade" periodical
BtB — "Balancing the Book", by Len Richardson
BThes — "Waiting for His Son (1,2 Thessalonians)", by George Booker
BTW — "By the Way", by George Booker
BUSF — Birmingham Unamended Statement of Faith
c — circa, approximately
CAL — Charles A. Ladson
Calvin — John Calvin, Commentaries on the Bible
CBTEL — "Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature", by McClintock and Strong
CCW — Charles Curwen Walker
CCWJ — "The Ministry of Jeremiah", by C.C. Walker
CEph — "Letter to the Ephesians", by John Carter
cf — confer
CGal — "Letter to the Galatians", by John Carter
ch — chapter
CH — Charles Hodge, or Continuous-historic method of prophetic interpretation
C&H — "The Life and Epistles of St Paul", by W.J. Conybeare and J.S. Howson
Chdn — Christadelphian, or The Christadelphian (magazine)
CHeb — "Letter to the Hebrews", by John Carter
CHJ — C.H. Jannaway
CHM — "Notes on the Pentateuch", by C.H. Mackintosh
CHS — Charles Haddon Spurgeon, "Morning and Evening", and other devotional writings
cit — cited, or quoted, in or from
CJo or CJohn — "Gospel of John", by John Carter
CKi — "The Kings of Israel and Judah", by J.A. Cowie
Clarke — "Commentary on the Whole Bible", by Adam Clarke
Cleveland — "Cleveland Bible Commentary", by Syndey M. Cleveland
CM — "Think on These Things", by Catherine Morgan
CMPA — Christadelphian Magazine Publishing Association
CNN — Cable News Network
Coffman — "Commentary on the New Testament", by James B. Coffman
Col — Colossians
Com App — Companion Bible Appendix
Comp — Companion Bible
conc — concerning
ConCon — "Convictions and Conduct", by Islip Collyer
Const — "Expository Notes", by Thomas Constable
covt — covenant
cp — compare
CP — Caribbean Pioneer Magazine
CPro — "Proverbs" (3 volumes), by Alec Crawford
CPv — "Daily Meditations", by Cynthia Paiva
CR — Charles Runge
CRom — "Letter to the Romans", by John Carter
CS — Clyde Snobelen
CSL — Clive Staples Lewis
ct — contrast
CT — "Psalms", or other writings, by Cyril Tennant
CY — Cliff York
Dan — Daniel
Darby — "A Literal Translation of the Old Testament and the New Testament", by John Nelson Darby
Dawn — Dawn Christadelphian Magazine
DB — Dean Brown
def — definite
Deff — Robert B. Deffingbaugh, "Biblical Studies"
Deu or Deut — Deuteronomy
DevRam — Dev Ramcharan
DFRE — "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", by Edward Gibbon.
DG — Dennis Gillett
DGD — "The Devil: the Great Deceiver", by Peter Watkins
DH — Duncan Heaster, or Documentary Hypothesis
Diag — Emphatic Diaglott (NT), by Benjamin Wilson
DS — Donald Styles
DSS — Dead Sea Scrolls
EB — Expositor's Bible, edited by William Robertson Nicoll
EBC — Expositor's Bible Commentary
EBCn — Expositor's Bible Commentary notes
EBD — Easton's Bible Dictionary
Ecc or Eccl — Ecclesiastes
Eccl — "Ecclesiastes and Other Studies", by L.G. Sargent
ed — editor
Eder — Alfred Edersheim
eg — for example
EJ — Emmaus Journal
Ellicott — Ellicott's Commentary on the Whole Bible
EMS — Ted Spongberg
Elp — "Elpis Israel", by John Thomas
Engl — English
Eph — Ephesians
esp — especially
Est — Esther
etc — "and so forth"
ETRL — "The Empty Tomb and the Risen Lord", by C.C. Dobson
Eur — "Eureka: an Exposition of the Apocalypse" (3 volumes), by John Thomas
Eus — Eusebius
exh — exhortation
Exo — Exodus
Expos — "Christadelphian Expositor", by H.P. Mansfield
Eze or Ezek — Ezekiel
Ezr — Ezra
f — verses, or pages, following
FCE — "First Century Ecclesia", by J.B. Norris
fem — feminine
ff — to the end of the section or chapter
FGJ — Frank Jannaway
fig — figurative or figuratively
FLD — "The Faith in the Last Days", by John Thomas
FLET — "A Fresh Look at Ezekiel's Temple", by Harry Whittaker
FP — Fred Pearce
FSC — "Further Seasons of Comfort", by Robert Roberts
FSDS — "For the Study and Defense of the Scriptures", by Edward Whittaker
ft — foot, or feet
FWT — "Meditations" and other exhortations, by F.W. Turner
GAG — George A. Gibson, exhortational notes from various sources
Gal — Galatians
gal — gallon, gallons
GB — George Booker
GbS — "Guided by the Star", by C.A. Ladson
GCM — G. Campbell Morgan
GD — "The Genius of Discipleship", by Dennis Gillett
GEM — Grahame Mansfield
Gen — Genesis
Gill — "An Exposition of the Old and New Testament", by John Gill
GL — "The Guiding Light", by Islip Collyer
GLT — Literal Translation of the Holy Bible, by Jay P. Green Sr
GN — "Gospel News" magazine
govt — government
Gr — Greek word
GT — "God's Truth", by Alan Hayward
GTJ — Grace Theological Journal
GVG — Gilbert V. Growcott, exhortational notes from various sources, incl "Search Me, O God"
GW — "God's Way", by John Carter
GWC — "Godliness with Contentment (1Ti)", by Troy Haltom and George Booker
Hab — Habakkuk
Hag — Haggai
HAL — "Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament", by Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner
Halley — Halley's Bible Handbook
HAT — Harry A. Tennant
HAW — Harry A. Whittaker
HBND — "Bible Names Dictionary", by Roswell Hitchcock
Heb — Hebrew word, or the Letter to the Hebrews
Henry — "An Exposition of the Old and New Testament", by Matthew Henry
Herald — "The Herald of the Kingdom", by John Thomas
Hez, or Hezek — Hezekiah
HiPr — High Priest
HistGeo — "Historical Geography of the Holy Land", by G.A. Smith
Hos — Hosea
HPM — H.P. Mansfield
HSp — Holy Spirit
HSul — Henry Sulley
HVM — "In the Steps of the Master", by H.V. Morton
IBD — Imperial Bible Dictionary
IC — Islip Collyer
ie — "as in", or "for example"
IMF — International Monetary Fund
immed — immediate, immediately
impl — imply, implying, etc
incl — including
indef — indefinite
Isa — Isaiah
ISBE — International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
ISV — International Standard Version (NT)
JAB — J.A. Beet, "Commentaries of Paul's Epistles"
JABP — "Jews, Arabs, and Bible Prophecy", by Harry Whittaker
JAF — "Acts", by J.A. Findlay
Jam — James
JB — Jerusalem Bible, or Jonathan Burke
JBP — New Testament in Modern English, by J. B. Phillips
JC — John Carter
JCA — Journal of Christian Apologetics
Jdg — Judges
Jer — Jeremiah
JETS — Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
JFB — "A Commentary, Critical and Explanatory, on the Old and New Testaments", by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset, and David Brown.
JJA — John James Andrew
JL — John Launchbury
JM — John Marshall
JMn — John Martin
Joe — Joel
Joh — John
Johnson — "Commentary on John", by B.W. Johnson
Jon — Jonah
Jos or Josh — Joshua
JP — Jonathan Pogson
JPS — Jewish Publication Society translation of Old Testament
JSB — "Explore the Book", and other works, by J. Sidlow Baxter
JT — John Thomas
Jud — Jude
JW — Joshua Wallace
JWs — Jehovah's Witnesses
JWT — "Titles of the Psalms" and "Old Testament Problems", by J.W. Thirtle
KC — Ken Chalmers
KD — "Commentary on the Old Testament", by C.F. Keil and Franz Delitzsch
kdom — kingdom
Kitto — John Kitto
KJ21 — 21st Century King James Version
KJV — King James Version
km — kilometers
KT — "Thought for the Week", by Kyle Tucker
Lam — Lamentations, or "Lamentations", by George Booker and Troy Haltom
LB — "The Land and the Book", by W.M. Thomson
LD — Last days, as in "last days prophecy"; "The Last Days", by Harry Whittaker; or "The Last Days", by Duncan Heaster
LEH — "A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint", edited by J. Lust, E. Eynikel, and K. Hauspie
Lev — Leviticus
LGS — L.G. Sargent
lit — literal, or literally
LM — The Law of Moses in general, or "The Law of Moses", by Robert Roberts
Log — Logos Magazine
LPh — "Philippians", by Jim Luke
LR — Len Richardson
LRom — "Romans 9-11", by Brian Luke
LS — Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon of Classical Greek
LTJM — "Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah" (2 volumes), by Alfred Edersheim
Luk — Luke
LXX — The Septuagint (the Old Testament translated into Greek)
MA — Michael Ashton
MacL — Alexander MacLaren
Mal — Malachi
Mar — Mark
Mark — "The Gospel of the Son of God", by L.G. Sargent
masc — masculine
Mat or Matt — Matthew
McG — "Commentaries and Topical Studies", by J. W. McGarvey
M&D — "Marriage and Divorce", by John Carter
mg — margin, or marginal (alternate) rendering
mi — mile, or miles
Mic — Micah
ML — Martin Luther
MM — "Minute Meditations", by Bob Lloyd (same as BL)
MMc — Michael McAllister
MMS — "Moses My Servant", by Harry Tennant
MNIV — "The NIV: the Making of a Contemporary Translation", by Kenneth L. Barker
MNT — New Testament in Modern English, by Helen B. Montgomery
MP — "A Life of Jesus", by Melva Purkis
MPS — "The Portrait of the Saint", by John Marshall
MRev — "Apocalypse Epitomised", by H.P. Mansfield
ms, mss — manuscript, manuscripts
MSJ — Master's Seminary Journal
MsTx — Masoretic Text
MT — Masoretic Text, or "Thought for the Day", by Maritta Terrell
MTJ — Michigan Theological Journal
MV — Mark Vincent
n (after Bible reference) — note, or comment, attached to a particular verse
NActs — "Acts of the Apostles", by Alfred Norris
NASB — New American Standard Bible
Nah — Nahum
ne — northeast
NEB — New English Bible
Neb — Nebuchadnezzar
Neh — Nehemiah
NET — New English Translation
NETn — New English Translation notes
NF — Norm Fadelle
NIBC — New International Biblical Commentary
NIDNTT — New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology
NIDOTTE — New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis
NIV — New International Version
NL — "The New Life", by John Marshall
NMark or NMk — "Gospel of Mark", by Alfred Norris
NPH — N.P. Holt, devotional writings in The Testimony Magazine
NPNF — "Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers", by Philip Schaff
NPW — "Preaching the Word", by Alfred Norris
NR — "Nazareth Revisited", by Robert Roberts
NRB — "On Reading the Bible", by Alfred Norris
NRev — "Apocalypse for Everyman", by Alfred Norris
NRSV — New Revised Standard Version
nsw — not the same word as… (in original Hebrew or Greek)
NSp — "The Spirit of God", by Alfred Nicholls
NT — New Testament
NUB — "Understanding the Bible", by Alfred Norris
Num — Numbers
nw — northwest
NZ — Norm Zilmer
Oba or Obad — Obadiah
offr — offering
OLD — Oscar L. Dunaway
OP — Old Paths Christadelphian Magazine
Orac — "The Oracles of God", by John Carter
orig — original, or originally
OT — Old Testament
OTH — "Old Testament History" (7 volumes), by Alfred Edersheim
Owen — John Owen
PAE — "Prophets After the Exile", by John Carter
PC — Peter Cresswell
perh — perhaps
PF — Peter Forbes
Phan — "Phanerosis", by John Thomas
PHZ — "From Hosea to Zephaniah", by Fred Pearce
Phi or Phil — Philippians
Phm — Philemon
Pink — Arthur W. Pink
PLO — Palestine Liberation Organization
PM — "Parables of the Messiah", by John Carter
PNT — "People's New Testament Commentary", by B. W. Johnson
Poole — "Annotations upon the Holy Bible", by Matthew Poole
poss — possible or possibly
Pro — Proverbs
prob — probable or probably
Prot — "The Protestors", by Alan Eyre
Prov — Proverbs
PrPr — "Principles and Proverbs", by Islip Collyer
ps — psalm
Psa — Psalm
pss — psalms
Pss — the whole book of Psalms
PSS — "Psalms Studies" (2 volumes), by George Booker
PTRC — "St. Paul the Traveler and Roman Citizen", by W.M. Ramsay
Pulpit — "The Pulpit Commentary", by H.D.M. Spence and Joseph S. Excell
r (after Bible reference) — list of cross-references attached to comments on that verse
RA — Ron Abel
RDO — "Remember the Days of Old", by Alfred Nicholls
re — regarding
recv — receive, receiving
ref — reference, or refers to
repr — represents, or representing
resur — resurrection
Rev — Revelation
RIC — "Redemption in Christ", by W.F. Barling
Rom — Romans
Roth — The Emphasized Bible, by J.B. Rotherham
RP — Robert Prins
RR — Robert Roberts
RS — Ray C. Stedman
RSV — Revised Standard Version
rt — root word
Rth — Ruth
RV — Revised Version (English)
RWP — "Word Pictures in the New Testament", by A.T. Robertson
sb — should be
SB — "The Story of the Bible", by H.P. Mansfield
SBD — Smith's Bible Dictionary
SC — "Seasons of Comfort", by Robert Roberts
SCDHL — "A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life", by William Law
Schf — "History of the Christian Church", by Philip Schaff
Scott — "Holy Bible, with Explanatory Notes", by Thomas Scott
SCx — Steven Cox
se — southeast
Sennach — Sennacherib
SG — Stephen Green
Sh — Australian Christadelphian Shield Magazine
sig — signifies or signifying
sim — similar
SJam — "The Epistle of James", by Neville Smart
SMark or SMk — "The Gospel of the Son of God", by L.G. Sargent
Song — Song of Songs, or Song of Solomon
SP — Stephen Palmer
Spk — "Speaker's Commentary on the Bible"
SS — Stephen Snobelen
SSD — "Samuel, Saul, and David", by Harry Whittaker
st, sts — saint, saints
Stalker — "The Life of Jesus Christ", by James M. Stalker
STD — Sexually transmitted disease
Str Scr — "Strange Scriptures that Perplex the Western Mind", by Barbara M. Bowen
Strong — Strong's Analytical Concordance of the Bible
sw — same word as… (in original Hebrew or Greek); or southwest
sym — symbolic or symbolizes or symbolizing
Syr — Syriac Version of the Old Testament
TB — Tony Benson
TCN — Trevor Nicholls
TCNT — Twentieth Century New Testament
Temple — "The Temple: Its Ministry and Services", by Alfred Edersheim
Tes — Testimony Magazine
TGal — "Galatians", by Cyril Tennant
Thayer — Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon
Theo — "Theophany", by C.C. Walker
tho — though
THos — "Hosea", by Cyril Tennant
Tid — Christadelphian Tidings Magazine
Tit — Titus
TJ — Trinity Journal
TM — "The Teaching of the Master", by L.G. Sargent
TMD — "The Man David", by Harry Tennant
TN — Trevor Nicholls
TNL — "The New Life", by John Marshall
TofE — "The Time of the End", by Harry Whittaker
TR — Textus Receptus
Trial — "The Trial: Did Christ Rise from the Dead?", by Robert Roberts
TUACIB — "To Us a Child is Born", by George Booker (same as UUACIB)
TW — Thomas Williams
TY — Timothy Young
typ — type, or typical, or typifies
UAE — United Arab Emirates
UJos — "Joshua: His Life and Times", by John Ullman
UN — United Nations
USA — United States of America
USC — "Undesigned Scriptural Coincidences", by J.J. Blunt
USNWR — US News and World Report
UUACIB — "Unto Us a Child is Born", by George Booker (same as TUACIB).
v, vv — verse, verses
VH — "The Visible Hand of God", by Robert Roberts
Vine — Vine's Dictionary of the New Testament
Vincent — "Word Studies in the New Testament", by Marvin Vincent
VL — Verse List, or Lesson
W5-12 — "5 Minutes to 12", by Harry Whittaker
WAbr — "Abraham: Father of the Faithful", by Harry Whittaker
WAc — "Studies in the Acts of the Apostles", by Harry Whittaker
WATFP — "What are the First Principles?", by George Booker
WB — Wesley Booker
WBC — Word Biblical Commentary
WBD — Westminster Bible Dictionary
WBS — "Bible Studies", by Harry Whittaker
wd, wds — word, words
WDan — "Daniel", by Harry Whittaker
WEB — World English Bible
WEnj — "Enjoying the Bible", by Harry Whittaker
Wesley — "Notes on the Old and New Testaments", by John Wesley
WExp — "Exploring the Bible", by Harry Whittaker
WExpAp — "Exploring the Apocalypse", by Peter Watkins
Weym — New Testament in Modern Speech, by Richard F. Weymouth
WFB — "Letters to Corinth", by W.F. Barling
WGen — "Genesis 1-4", by Harry Whittaker
WGHS — "Gifts of the Holy Spirit", by Harry Whittaker
WGos — "Studies in the Gospels", by Harry Whittaker
WHB — W.H. Boulton
WHez — "Hezekiah the Great", by Harry Whittaker
WHGT — "Genesis", by W.H. Griffith Thomas
wi — with
WIH — "Where It Happened", by Islip Collyer
WIHN — "What is His Name?", by Alfred Norris
WIsa — "Isaiah", by Harry Whittaker
WJ or WJac — "Wrestling Jacob", by Harry Whittaker
WJer — "Of Whom the World Was Not Worthy" (Jeremiah), by Harry Whittaker
WJoel — "Joel", by Harry Whittaker
WJon — "Jonah", by Harry Whittaker
WJos — "Joseph", by Harry Whittaker
WJR — "Judges and Ruth", by Harry Whittaker
WJW — W.J. White
WK — William A. Kay, Commentaries on Psalms and Isaiah
WMS — "Who Moved the Stone?", by Frank Morison
WP — "The Ways of Providence", by Robert Roberts
WPet — "The Epistles of Peter", by Harry Whittaker
WPsr — "Passover", by Harry Whittaker
WR — "The World's Redemption", by Thomas Williams
WRev — "Revelation: A Biblical Approach", by Harry Whittaker
WRI — "Risen Indeed", by Harry Whittaker
WS — "Wrested Scriptures", by Ron Abel
WSh — William Shakespeare
WSSE — "Seven Short Epistles", by Harry Whittaker
WTJ — Westminster Theological Journal
WTO — World Trade Organization
Wuest — "Word Studies in the New Testament", by Kenneth Wuest
WW — Will Watkins
WWS — "Word Studies", by Harry Whittaker
WyC — Wycliffe Bible Commentary
WyE — Wycliffe Bible Encyclopedia
Xd, Xdn — Christadelphian Magazine
XdmAst — "Christendom Astray", by Robert Roberts
Xmas — Christmas
Xt — Christ
Xtn — Christian
YCC — "Concise Commentary on the Holy Bible", by Robert Young
YLT — Young's Literal Translation, by Robert Young
Young — Young's Analytical Concordance of the Bible
YSL — "Ye Servants of the Lord", by Harry Tennant
Zec or Zech — Zechariah
Zep or Zeph — Zephaniah